there are many such references, they seem to be increasing, as some have noted we seem to be in the midst/living through a Golden Age of algorithms. some newer algorithm-focused refs [hence not so well known] not listed so far that may be interesting, some written by TCS researchers/scientists/experts (Cormen, Valiant, Davis), others by popsci writers:
- Nine Algorithms That Changed the Future: The Ingenious Ideas That Drive Today's Computers MacCormick
- Automate This: How Algorithms Came to Rule Our World Steiner
- The Advent of the Algorithm: The 300-Year Journey from an Idea to the Computer Berlinski
- Algorithms Unlocked Cormen
- Probably Approximately Correct: Nature's Algorithms for Learning and Prospering in a Complex World Valiant
- Out of their Minds: The Lives and Discoveries of 15 Great Computer Scientist Sasha/Lazere
- Engines of Logic: Mathematicians and the Origin of the Computer Davis
also, other interesting topics from news/headlines with a strong overlap between TCS and popular science writing/books:
- quantum computing
- high frequency trading ("HFT"). this is a strong mix between theory and applied and uses advanced machine learning, datamining, statistics, and mathematics techniques. [can name some refs on this but suspect this audience will not regard it as "pure" enough so will hold off for now.]
- cryptography
- bioinformatics
- etc!