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I am a computer science graduate student works in theory. The general advice is to go through the paper and then in the second or third round try to understand the detail. Read the abstract, introduction and then main results(just the results). I go through research paper multiple times, each time keep record of confused things. Many time I have to spend more than a week to understand even the bigger picture. Once I have bigger picture, then it is easy for me to understand the paper quickly.

Reading is taking quite long time. I am even about to graduate but it takes me couple of weeks to read a single paper. I have to many times present research papers in front of senior researchers. So I prepare, but as I mentioned that reading is taking too much time.

Is there any better way to speedup the reading? Efficiently means getting the overall idea with less number of passes.

Question : How to efficiently read the theoretical computer science research papers ?

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    $\begingroup$ I may not be of good advice since I am also a slow reader but I found it useful to skip the intro first (or to only skim it lightly just to have a rough idea of the contributions) so that you can directly go to the "meat" of the paper. Also before I was reading the definitions to really get a good understanding of what the authors are using. Now I read the statements of the theorems and look the needed definitions. You save time because out of context definitions may be hard to parse. And maybe not needed if they are only needed in a proof that you do not really care about. $\endgroup$
    – holf
    Oct 21, 2019 at 17:04

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How long it takes one to read a paper typically depends on what one wants to get out of it. I'll outline three levels of granularity.

  1. Coarsest level: Relevant or not? When building up a list of potentially relevant literature, we often start with a handful of important papers, and then play the game -- who cites them? Whom do they cite? Iterating this game naively would cause an exponential explosion, so we prune the search tree. Briefly scan each candidate and classify it as relevant to my topic or not. This shouldn't take more than a few minutes.

  2. User level: I've decided the paper is relevant, but does it contain a particular result that I need? Say, some variant of Chernoff bounds for non-iid random variables? Unbounded ones? This can take a bit longer, since not all results are stated in the form I'm looking for -- but shouldn't take more than an hour.

  3. Expert level: The paper is relevant and has useful results; now I want to get an in-depth understanding and mastery of the technique. After all, this is the area I want to innovate in! This can take arbitrarily long, since it may require going down various rabbit holes of carefully reading previous results the present one relies on, and so on. No time limit here -- decide how badly you need this and settle in for the long haul.

Update, by popular demand. OK, the paper in question falls into category (3) and you're willing to devote serious time and effort into it. My first suggestion is to read the paper at the User Level, as specified in (2) above. Try first to understand what the main results are claiming, not how to prove them. Once you understand the claims, try to flesh out the proof outline. What basic strategy is being used? Is it a construction, an existence proof, etc -- try to "decompose" it into the various techniques you know. If it's an important paper, you might discover that it invents novel techniques -- make good note of these!

Sometimes short and seemingly elementary proofs are notoriously difficult to understand in an intuitive sense -- one such paper, I believe, is Haussler's "Sphere packing numbers for subsets of the Boolean n-cube with bounded Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension". It's easy enough to follow the proofs step by step, but most beginner readers will still not be able to say much about the "big picture", even after the 2nd or 3rd reading. In such a case, it might be useful to seek out an expert (perhaps the author himself) to try to understand how he came up with the proof.

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  • $\begingroup$ Thanks for the answer. I am interested in third one. The one point I have to disagree is "no time limit". There should be some time limit, the purpose of my reading to do some research, to come up with new results. $\endgroup$
    – user55044
    Oct 23, 2019 at 5:13
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    $\begingroup$ @ Aryeh I don't know, how much badly I want, but let's say I want to perform research on particular research paper then is there any time limit? $\endgroup$
    – user55044
    Oct 24, 2019 at 9:43
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    $\begingroup$ Obviously, I can't set one for you. Some papers can take a year or more to understand. Does your adviser/funding situation allow that? Do you have the patience and stamina? These are all personal, individual choices. $\endgroup$
    – Aryeh
    Oct 24, 2019 at 10:33
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    $\begingroup$ and what about efficient reading of papers? $\endgroup$
    – user55044
    Oct 26, 2019 at 15:05
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    $\begingroup$ I added an update, though it's very difficult to give general advice on a question where case-specific pointers will be most useful. $\endgroup$
    – Aryeh
    Oct 26, 2019 at 18:45
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My personal experience is that complicated proofs are usually discovered gradually: Someone first came up with a relatively simple proof of some result. Then, someone took that simple proof and added another idea to prove a stronger result. Next, someone added another idea or two to prove an even stronger (or different result), etc. Eventually, we end up with a very complicated proof of a very general and strong result.

Now, if someone tries to read the very complicated proof that was obtained at the end of that process, they will have a very difficult time: they are basically trying to digest the culmination of many years of research in one shot.

My personal strategy in such situations is to read the papers in chronological order. I try to read the paper that came first in this line of research - usually, that paper would be rather simple. Then, I try to understand the next paper, etc. Each time I read a paper in the line, I try to understand what was the new idea that the paper added. By the time I reach the last papers in the chain, what previously seemed to be a very complicated proof that I can barely understand turns out to be "what I already read + a simple idea or two".

This strategy can be very time consuming at first. However, within a single area of research, there are relatively few such "lines of research". Thus, after you implement this strategy a few times, you cover most of those lines. By that time, you will be able to read most of the papers in the area rather easily, since you will usually be familiar with the ideas they build on.

More generally, the reason that experienced researchers can read papers very quickly is that they usually already have good understanding of the area to which the paper belongs. When you have such understanding of the area, reading a new paper usually boils down to answering the question "what is the new simple idea that the paper adds to the area".

So, to sum up, if you want to be able to read papers quickly, first invest some time in gaining mastery of your research area. Once this is done, reading more papers should be rather easy.

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    $\begingroup$ But sometimes the early arguments were unnecessarily complicated and convoluted, and later insight yielded crisper, more streamlined proofs. If, for example, a proof appears in a textbook, it's usually much better to read that than go to the early literature. $\endgroup$
    – Aryeh
    Jul 13, 2021 at 13:04
  • $\begingroup$ I completely agree. My answer does not work for all cases, and each paper should be considered individually. Still, I think my answer is a good start. $\endgroup$
    – Or Meir
    Jul 14, 2021 at 12:09
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I agree with @holf about skipping parts of the paper. Which parts you skip is a different matter. If I know nothing in the field, I skip the intro, related work, and conclusion. If I know a bit in the field, do the opposite: I skip the meat and read the intro and conclusion only.

In general, however, I would go even further: don't read the papers in the first place at all. Instead, first try to talk to the authors (if possible) and only then read the papers, if needed. My experience has been that the quality of an average paper is so low that a noninformed person is unlikely to understand what is going on. If you go for reading first, you weep and suffer exactly the way you described it and may drown in typos.

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  • $\begingroup$ My experience is different. When I read a paper in a good journal, it is usually well-written and contains only few typos. Also, I think it is better to read the paper before contacting the author - it shows a much more serious attitude. $\endgroup$
    – Erel Segal-Halevi
    Sep 12, 2020 at 23:19
  • $\begingroup$ @ErelSegal-Halevi, I think that depends on the field, e.g. read the graph minor series, all of them are in a very good journal, almost no typo, not even with logical mistakes, but even authors admit that they are not well written. If we talk about conference papers, half of them are catastrophic (goodness of arxiv is that encourages people to write cleaner). But agreed, one should have a basic understanding of the paper before contacting the authors. $\endgroup$
    – Saeed
    Jul 14, 2021 at 21:10
  • $\begingroup$ @ErelSegal-Halevi I disagree. Most authors, especially if the paper is older, would not answer your questions (say, because their e-mail address is outdated, or because they are no longer in the field, or because they consider you unimportant, …). So writing the authors would be a loss of time. In fact, not only e-mails, even papers are no longer being read on average. They are being written. $\endgroup$
    – MdAyq
    Jul 11 at 19:08
  • $\begingroup$ @Saeed That's what the authors want you to do (have a basic understanding…) so that you will cite them. After having read a whole bookshelf of papers, each at least once, I no longer feel the need to be that polite. $\endgroup$
    – MdAyq
    Jul 11 at 19:10

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