Questions tagged [arithmetic-circuits]
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75
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"Addition function" that works for both perm and det simultaneously?
For $f = (f_n)$ a family of polynomials where $f_n$ is a polynomial in $n^2$ variables (which we can think of as the entries of an $n \times n$ matrix), say a function $S(A,B)$ is an addition function ...
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Number of composite factors as a function of the number of bits of an integer
Is there a standard formula to calculate the number of composite factors using the number of bits of an integer?
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Is homogeneity required in Hyafil's arithmetic circuit decomposition theorem when applied to monotone circuits?
I'm new to circuit complexity, and trying to understand Hyafil's decomposition theorem (Theorem 1 in [1], Lemma 3 in [2], Decomposition Lemma in [3], also mentioned in [4]). My question is: Is ...
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Multiplicative-depth 1 composition of arithmetic circuits
I am trying to find information about the following problem. Let $C_1$ and $C_2$ be any two poly-size arithmetic circuits on input vectors x₁ and x₂ correspondingly. Assume that a third arithmetic ...
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Matrix multiplication when one matrix is fixed
Let $A$ be a fixed positive entried integer matrix of size $a\times n$ with $\ell$ bits per entry
One is allowed to pre-process this matrix as appropriate.
Given another positive integer entried $B$...
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Arithmetic circuits over $GF(p)$ for computing $x \bmod 2$ given input $x \in GF(p)$
Let $p$ be a prime. Suppose we consider the function $f: GF\left(p \right) \rightarrow \left\{0, 1 \right\}$ where $f(x) = x \bmod 2$ for all.
The question is the following: are there any known ...
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How to build comparison operator (comparator) in an arithmetic circuit
I am trying to convert a basic program into an arithmetic circuit. I am stuck on the step of converting the greater than operator into an arithmetic circuit. To be specific, I do not know how to ...
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Straight line programs with $\sqrt{~}$
A straight line program with division is very powerful https://rjlipton.wordpress.com/2012/10/16/one-mans-floor-is-another-mans-ceiling/.
Is it possible to reduce a straight line program with $\sqrt{~...
- 12.5k
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Depth reduction for Boolean circuits
This result by Tavenas, Koiran and others show that any polynomial computed by a circuit of size $s$ is computed by a depth-4 homogenous circuit of size $s^{\sqrt{d}}$.
Are there any similar results ...
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Can reciprocal inputs speed up monotone computations?
A $(+,\times,1/x_i)$ circuit is a standard monotone arithmetic $(+,\times)$ circuit with the only difference that now besides the input variables $x_1,\ldots,x_n$, also their reciprocals $1/x_1,\...
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Evaluation of an arithmetic formula where the time depends on the length of the arguments of gates
Let $(X,+,\cdot)$ be a commutative ring. Let $|\cdot|\colon X\to \mathbb{N}$ be a function that satisfies $|x+y|\leq |x|+|y|$ and $|xy|\leq |x|+|y|$. We call the function length, and length is always ...
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Why do most 0/1 matrices need linear arithmetic circuits of size $\Omega(n^2/\log(n))$?
I am reading Alon et al.'s paper Linear Circuits over $GF(2)$ and I am having trouble seeing the counting argument showing that most matrices need a circuit of size $\Omega(n^2/\log n)$. This result ...
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How many arithmetic and max operations does it take to compute Dynnikov's action of the braid groups on $\mathbb{Z}^{2n}$?
A function $f:X^{2}\rightarrow X^{2}$ is said to satisfy the Yang-Baxter equation if
$$(f\times\textrm{Id}_{X})\circ(\textrm{Id}_{X}\times f)\circ(f\times\textrm{Id}_{X})=(\textrm{Id}_{X}\times f)\...
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Arithmetic circuits with restrictions on occurrence of pairs of variables
I am curious if the following model was studied or has some obvious lower bounds:
We want to compute a polynomial $P(x_1,x_2, \dots , x_n)$. Suppose we have a graph G on $n$ nodes that we are going ...
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Reference request: Arithmetic circuit complexity
I am completely new to this field. I want to read the prelims and unfortunately, I don't see any book written for a beginner in this area. Can anyone give me some basic starting points/references(text/...
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VNP is closed under taking coefficients using Valiant's criterion
We consider the family of polynomials
$$\{f_n(x_1,\dots,x_n,y_1,\dots,y_n)\}\in\mathsf{VNP}$$
We want to show that the family
$$\{h_n(x_1,\dots,x_n)\}$$
is in $\mathsf{VNP}$. Where $h_n(x_1,\dots,...
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Circuit's with gate computing only "simple" functions
I was curious if something like that is known or was studied.
Let's call a function simple if it is computable by $AC_0$ circuit of depth $\leq d$ and size $\leq n^k$ for fixed $k,d$.
Now let's ...
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White-box sparse interpolation
Let $C$ be an arithmetic circuit that represents a polynomial $f\in\mathbb K[x_1,\dotsc,x_n]$, with the promise that $f$ has at most $k$ nonzero terms. What is (known about) the complexity of ...
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Tribes function vs (modified) polynomial threshold circuits
Are there lowerbounds known for representing the Tribes function by a circuit consisting of a single layer of polynomial threshold gates feeding into maybe a trivial summing gate? (Even for degree $1$ ...
- 1,443
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Has there been a study of circuits operating on arrays?
Much ink has been spilled studying the theory surrounding computation by combinatorial circuits operating on bits or boolean values - with AND, OR and NOT gates (as those are enough to implement any ...
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Fixed parameter Integer Programming circuit depth complexity
It is well known Lenstra's and Kannan's algorithm achieves $n$-variable parameter $L$-bit integer programming solvability in $O(n^nL)$ time and $O(L)$ space.
If implemented as an arithmetic circuit ...
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VC dimension of polynomials over tropical semirings?
As in this question, I am interested the $\mathbf{BPP}$ vs. $\mathbf{P}$/$\mathrm{poly}$ problem for tropical $(\max,+)$ and $(\min,+)$ circuits. This question reduces to showing upper bounds for the ...
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Adleman's theorem over infinite semirings?
Adleman has shown in 1978 that $\mathrm{BPP}\subseteq \mathrm{P/poly}$: if a boolean function $f$ of $n$ variables can be computed by a probabilistic boolean circuit of size $M$, then $f$ can be also ...
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Checking a long product of matrices
Given a set of n-by-n integer matrices $\{A_1, \dots, A_m\}$, for a word $w=w_1 w_2\cdots w_l$ over $\{1, \dots, m\}$, we define $A_w:=A_{w_1}\cdots A_{w_l}$.
The question is to decide, given $\{A_1,...
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About the ``recent" paper by Razborov in the Annals of Mathematics
Recently this paper on complexity theory was published at the Annals of Mathematics by Razborov, http://annals.math.princeton.edu/2015/181-2/p01. Curiously this seems to have been submitted to the ...
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Optimal evaluation of polynomials / rational functions
A common way to compute the value a polynomial is to write it in Horner form. However, this isn't always the fastest way to evaluate it. Setting aside concerns of numerical precision, take the ...
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Low-depth arithmetic complexity of the product of $k$ matrices
Is anything known about the size of $\Sigma\Pi\Sigma$ (or other constant depth) circuits for the product of $k$ matrices?
Trivial upper bounds (up to small factors) are:
if $k=2$, then there are $\...
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Arithmetic complexity of matrix powering with non-commutative entries
Assume $M\in\Bbb Z_{\geq0}[x_1,\dots,x_n]^{m\times m}$ be an $m\times m$ matrix in $n$ variables with $x_i$ being non-commutative.
What is the complexity class and circuit and formula complexity of ...
user34945
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Are arithmetic circuits weaker than boolean?
Let $A(f)$ denote the minimum size of a (non-monotone) arithmetic $(+,\times,-)$ circuit
computing a given multilinear polynomial
$$
f(x_1,\ldots,x_n)=\sum_{e\in E}c_e\prod_{i=1}^n x_i^{e_i}\,,
$$
...
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Lower bounds for noncommutative arithmetic circuits with exact division?
It is known that for general arithmetic circuits there is not much of a difference between standard model and one with division: any circuit with divisions that computes a polynomial can be simulated ...
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Monotone arithmetic circuit complexity of elementary symmetric polynomials?
The $k$-th elementary symmetric polynomial $S_k^n(x_1,\ldots,x_n)$ is the sum of all $\binom{n}{k}$ products of $k$ distinct variables.
I am interested in the monotone arithmetic $(+,\times)$ circuit ...
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How quickly can we decompose a number into a set of residues?
Basically, if we are given a natural $x$, in binary, with $x < m_0 \cdot m_1 \cdot m_2 \cdot \dots \cdot m_n$, how quickly can we find $x \bmod m_0$, $x \bmod m_1$,..., and $x \bmod m_n$? In other ...
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Matrix vector multiplication algorithm using minimal number of additions
Consider the following problem:
Given a matrix $M$
we want to optimize the number of additions in
the multiplication algorithm for computing $v \mapsto Mv$.
I find this problem interesting ...
- 10.8k
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Analogies between VNP and NP
Valiant introduced the class VNP with respect to "arithmetic circuits" over 35 years ago in a "rough" analogy to NP. Recently, there have been major advances in the area of arithmetic circuits eg as ...
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Implications of Riemann Hypothesis variants in TCS
The over ~1½ century old Riemann Hypothesis has deep implications in mathematics and a large edifice of math theory is now proved conditionally on it and numerous variants. I recently came across a ...
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Straight line complexity of monomials
Let $k$ be some field. As usual, for an $f\in k[x_{1},x_{2},\ldots,x_{n}]$
we define $L(f)$ to be the straight-line complexity of $f$ over
$k$. Let $F$ be the set of monomials of $f$, namely the ...
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Why is HAMILTONIAN CYCLE so different from PERMANENT?
A polynomial $f(x_1,\ldots,x_n)$ is a monotone projection of a
polynomial $g(y_1,\ldots,y_m)$ if $m$ = poly$(n)$, and there is an assignment
$\pi:\{y_1,\ldots,y_m\}\to\{x_1,\ldots,x_n, 0,1\}$ such ...
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intuition that VP=?VNP is (not?) connected to P=?NP
recently there has been major progress into the VP=?VNP problem for algebraic circuits originated by Valiant, inspiring some optimistic outlook on its eventual or imminent resolution.[1]
what is an ...
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Arithmetic circuits with just one threshold gate
When restricted to $0$-$1$ inputs, every $\{+,\times\}$-circuit $F(x_1,\ldots,x_n)$ computes some
function $F:\{0,1\}^n\to \mathbb{N}$. To obtain a boolean function, we can just add
one fanin-1 ...
- 6,605
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Any polynomial which is hard to count but easy to decide?
Every monotone arithmetic circuit, i.e. a $\{+,\times\}$-circuit, computes some multivariate
polynomial $F(x_1,\ldots,x_n)$ with nonnegative integer coefficients. Given a polynomial
$f(x_1,\ldots,x_n)$...
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Randomized identity-testing for high degree polynomials?
Let $f$ be an $n$-variate polynomial given as an arithmetic circuit of size poly$(n)$, and let $p = 2^{\Omega(n)}$ be a prime.
Can you test if $f$ is identically zero over $\mathbb{Z}_p$, with time ...
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Complexity of smooth non-linear functions
EDIT: A more straightforward way of asking this question is: does evaluating a non-linear function require performing at least one multiplication?
ORIGINAL QUESTION:
I have an infinitely ...
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Greater-Than operator using an Arithmetic Circuit
How can I transform the term $x>C$ (i.e. the term assumes the value $1$ if $x>C$ and assumes the value $0$ otherwise) to an arithmetic circuit that computes it?
Where $x$ is the input to the ...
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What are bounded-treewidth circuits good for?
One can talk of the treewidth of a Boolean circuit, defining it as the treewidth of the "moralized" graph on wires (vertices) obtained as follows: connect wires $a$ and $b$ whenever $b$ is the output ...
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Lower bounds for Polynomials computing the boolean functions
Expressing a boolean function $f$ $:\{ 0,1 \}^{n} \rightarrow \{0,1 \}$ using a polynomial $P(x_{1},...,x_{n})$, where $x_{1},...,x_{n}$ may be integer, finite fields, or other fields.
One of the most ...
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Practical algorithms for finding small arithmetic circuits
I have a multivariate integer polynomial $f : \mathbb{Z}^n \to \mathbb{Z}$ given as either as a circuit or as a list of monomials. I am interested in practical (though obviously exponential time) ...
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A course for learning algebraic complexity
I want to learn about algebraic algorithms and complexity thoery. In particular, I am interested in PIT.
Is there a set of lecture notes, books, papers and surveys for students who have read standard ...
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Checking if a polynomial factors into linear factors
Let $f\in\mathbb{Q}[x_{1},x_{2},\ldots,x_{n}]$ be a polynomial given
by an arithmetic circuit $C$ of size $s$. Given $C$ as the input,
is there a deterministic algorithm to check whether all the ...
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arithmetic formula simplication
Consider a function $f : \mathbb R^m \rightarrow \mathbb R^n$.
Function $f$ can be written down as a simple arithmetic program. It uses addition, subtraction, multiplication and division - however, ...
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Generalizations of the determinant/permanent problem?
A tantalizing open question in computational complexity is to understand the 'behavioral differences' between the determinant and the permanent. While the former is computable in polynomial time with ...
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