Questions tagged [linear-algebra]
Linear algebra deals with vector spaces and linear transformations.
212
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Complexity of matrix diagonalization
I'm probably missing a trivial answer, but somehow I can't find it.
Given symmetric matrix $A \in \mathbb R^{n \times n}$, what's the complexity of diagonalizing the matrix, i.e. finding diagonal $\...
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improved analysis of spectral gap of zigzag product?
I am reading the paper introducing zigzag products of expander graphs (https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0406038). The paper mentions the following observation in the introduction:
Moreover, the variational ...
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2
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Reference request for linear algebra over GF(2)
I have been looking for materials on the linear algebra over $GF(2)$ but so far I haven't found any substantial textbooks or notes on this subject. In fact in one of the notes I found the introduction ...
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complexity class of a function - linear combinations and reductions (Fermionant, immanant, $GL_n$ representations)
The fermionant is a matrix function from physics, which is indexed by a positive integer $k$:
\begin{align}
\operatorname{Ferm}_k(A) = \sum_{\lambda} d_{\lambda}^{(k)} \operatorname{Imm}_{\lambda^T}(A)...
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Reference showing global optimality of local minima for matrix factorization
Consider the following matrix factorization problem: Given an $n\times m$ matrix M, find $n\times r$ and $m\times r$ matrices $U$ and $V$ such that $||UV^T - M||_F^2$ is minimized.
I have heard it ...
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Smallest nonzero eigenvalue of a sum of +1/-1 rank-one matrices?
Suppose we have a $k\times k$ matrix $A = \sum_{i=1}^{n} a_i a_i^T$ where $n \leq \mathrm{poly}(k)$ and each $a_i\in\{-1,1\}^{k}$. It is easy to prove that the largest eigenvalue of $A$ is at most $\...
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Is this proof of $LP$ being in $coNP$ correct?
I am referring to the natural decision version of the Linear Programming problem: given $A \in \mathbb{Q}^{m \times n}, \ b \in \mathbb{Q}^m, \ c \in \mathbb{Q}^n, \ \alpha \in \mathbb{Q}$, does there ...
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Precise rank of a sparse integer matrix
Consider a large sparse rectangular integer matrix. Is there a way to compute its exact rank that is better in terms of speed and/or memory usage compared to a dense matrix?
2
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1
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Solver for uniform matroid isomorphism
I want to solve the following coNP-complete problem efficiently in practice: Given a linear matroid represented as $k \times n$ matrix over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_p$ (where $p$ is large prime), ...
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Problem conditions to use Laplacian solvers
I am trying to use Laplacian Solvers to solve a linear equation. I am just learning it (form here), so my question is very basic and it might not even make sense.
Suppose that we want to solve Ax=b, ...
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Looking for information about a problem of a least subset of vectors modulo 2 summing to another vector [duplicate]
I'm quite interested in the following algorithmic problem, on which I can't find any information. Phrased as a decision problem:
Given a set of vectors $V$ in $\text{GF}(2)^n$, a vector $\mathbf u$ ...
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efficiently computing a sum of products of polynomials
Let $F$ be a prime finite field. Let $d$ be a power of two dividing $p-1$. Suppose I have $d$ pairs of univariate polynomials $f_i,g_i$ over $F$ for $i=1,\ldots,d$. All have degree less than $d$.
I ...
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Complexity Lower Bounds for 3D Sparse Gaussian Elimination
I'm interested in lower bounds on the complexity in the real-RAM model of solving systems of linear equations which have the sparsity pattern of a three-dimensional cubic mesh. Specifically, consider ...
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An optimization problem
I am considering the following optimization problem. Let $P$ be a set of $n$ points in $\mathbb{R}^d$
maximize $\sum_{p\in P}\vert\langle \Vert p\Vert p, \hat{x}\rangle\vert$ subject to $\Vert\hat{x}\...
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Complexity of best folding of a 2D set (or how to optimize a sandwich)
Motivation:
I was making lunch for my son, part of which is making a sandwich from two halves of a slice of bread. In order to minimize the parts of bread that have cheese on them, and are not covered ...
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Linear regression as a hylomorphism
A hylomorphism consists of an anamorphism followed by a catamorphism.
Is it possible to express linear regression as a hylomorphism?
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Reference for computing the rank of a matrix in polynomial time
In a recent paper, I need to use the fact that computing the rank of a matrix over the integers has polynomial complexity. Given the context, I don't particularly care about the exact asymptotics, as ...
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Face-splitting product of two Vandermonde matrices: When is is invertible?
Let $A$ and $B$ be two $n^2 \times n$ Vandermonde matrices with coefficients $\alpha_1,\ldots,\alpha_{n^2}$ and $\beta_1,\ldots,\beta_{n^2}$. Let $M$ be the face-splitting product of $A$ and $B$, that ...
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Complexity of Encoding a Matroid Flow Problem in a Matrix
Context:
Take a directed graph $G$ with a specified subset of source vertices $S$ and target vertices $T$.
We say a subset $I\subseteq T$ of size $r$ is independent if there exist $r$ distinct ...
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When is it hard to invert a sparse matrix?
Are cases where numeric inversion of a sparse matrix is known to be harder than sparse matrix multiplication?
In practice, sparse matrix inversion is done with methods like Jacobi or Gauss-Seidel, ...
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What is the complexity of this submatrix selection problem?
We have a $kn\times kn$ matrix $M$ made of $n^2$ many $k\times k$ blocks.
We want to find an $n\times n$ submatrix such that each row and column is from distinct window of size $k$ such that the sum ...
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Computational complexity in linear solvers
I have recently been trying out methods of coding for solving systems of linear equations on Python. Of course, I first used the inbuilt function $\mathit{inv}$ under certain if-conditions to obtain ...
Inershya
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Finding a non-negative solution to an integer system of linear equations
Let $A$ be an $n \times m$ integer matrix and consider the system of equations $Ax = b$ where $b$ is an integer vector. I want to find a solution $x$, assuming one exists, such that the components of $...
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The complexity of the permanent of low rank matrices
I know that for an arbitrary $n \times n$ matrix, Ryser's algorithm can compute the permanent in $\mathcal{O}(2^n n^2)$ time. I'm interested in computing the permanent of $n \times n$ matrices of rank ...
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Algebraic methods for testing planarity
Mac Lane's planarity criterion states that a graph is planar if and only if it has a cycle basis such that each edge is contained in at most two cycles, we call such a basis a 2-basis. A 2-basis of a ...
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2
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What are some good resources for strengthening my theoretical foundation for machine learning?
I'm a computer science major and I'm taking a lot of machine learning courses. I'm finding that my theoretical foundation on subjects like calculus and linear algebra are not as strong as I'd like ...
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Evidence that matrix multiplication is not in $O(n^2\log^kn)$ time
It is commonly believed that for all $\epsilon > 0$, it is possible to multiply two $n \times n$ matrices in $O(n^{2 + \epsilon})$ time. Some discussion is here.
I have asked some people who are ...
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Finding whether $n$ polytopes have nontrivial intersection from pairwise comparisons
I have a set of $n$ convex polytopes of the form
$$\mathcal{L_i} = \{ \beta \mid C_i \beta \leq 0 \}$$
where $C$ is a matrix and $\beta$ is a vector. I know that for each pair of polytopes $$(\...
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Underlying codes in Niederreiter cryptosystems
Niederreiter cryptosystem is usually described by a parity check matrix $H$ over $\mathbb{F}_{2^n}$.
The minimum distance $d$ is given by
$d= min\lbrace k \text{ such that there are $k$ linearly ...
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Hardness result or reference for optimal Gaussian elimination process
I'm wondering if the following problem is NP-Complete or has any hardness result.
References on related problem are also welcome.
Input: integers $n\geq1,k\geq0$ and an invertible matrix $M\in\mathbb ...
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Is there a fast algorithm for inverting a sparse matrix?
I am doing research on a random-walk like problem. As a critical part of my solution, I need to invert a non-singular sparse matrix of size $n \times n$ and with $O(n)$ non-empty entries. I'm working ...
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Does optimal fitting flat must pass through the mean of the point set?
I am confused about a statement made in the paper Linear Time Algorithm for Projective Clustering, section 5.1, second paragraph, second line.
Project clustering is a natural generalization of k-...
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Missing proof in Salil Vadhan's monograph on pseudorandomness, Random Walks and S-T Connectivity
In Salil Vadhan's monograph on pseudorandomness, chapter 2, half of the proof of Lemma 2.51 is missing
http://people.seas.harvard.edu/~salil/pseudorandomness/power.pdf .
I don't state the full lemma ...
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Do Banach spaces and linear contraction maps form a model of ILL with an exponential?
Recently, I read on the nLab that the category of Banach spaces and linear contractions is small complete, small cocomplete, and monoidal closed.
This means that Banach spaces and short linear maps ...
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Non-Orthogonal Vectors Problem
Consider the following problems:
Orthogonal Vectors Problem
Input: A set $S$ of $n$ Boolean vectors each of length $d$.
Question: Do there exist distinct vectors $v_1$ and $v_2 \in S$ ...
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Recovering a rank-one matrix from its eigendecomposition after randomized rounding
Let $A = xy^T$ be a rank-$1$ matrix, and suppose every entry of $A$ is in $[0,1]$. We can create a binary matrix $A_{\rm rounded}$ by setting
$$ [A_{\rm rounded}]_{ij} = \begin{cases} 1 & \mbox{ ...
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What are the consequences of solving XOR 3-SAT in Logspace?
XOR Formulas
Consider boolean formulas with connectives $\wedge$ (AND) and $\oplus$ (XOR). Such a boolean formula is a valid instance for XOR SAT if it is a conjunction of $\oplus$-clauses. An $\...
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Which invertible linear transformations can be computed reversibly without ancilla/garbage bits just as easily as they can be computed irreversibly?
Suppose that $L:F_{2}^{n}\rightarrow F_{2}^{n}$ is an invertible linear transformation. Then define $w(L)$ to be the gate count of the smallest reversible circuit on $n$ bits without ancilla/garbage ...
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Why is triangle inequality needed for indexing?
Maybe this is a silly question but I actually can't fulfill that by myself. I'm reading some papers about similarity metrics and I always find that for a distance function $d$ the triangle inequality ...
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Binary vector $t$ in $span(S)$ over $\mathbb{Z}/q\mathbb{Z}$ for all prime powers $q$ $\Rightarrow$ $t$ in $span(S)$ over $\mathbb{Z}$?
I have a set of $n$ binary vectors $S = \{s_1, \ldots, s_n \} \subseteq \{0,1\}^k \setminus \{1^k\}$ and a target vector $t = 1^k$ which is the all-ones vector.
Conjecture: If $t$ can be written as ...
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Is there a P-complete problem on diophantine equations?
In general deciding whether a diophantine equation has any integer solutions is equivalent to the halting problem. I believe that deciding if a quadratic diophantine equation has any solution is NP-...
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Minimizing a sum of thresholded quadratics
Let $W_1, \ldots, W_k$ be positive semi-definite matrices, $b_1, \ldots, b_k$ be vectors, and $a_1, \ldots a_k$, $c_1, \ldots, c_k$ be scalars. How difficult is it to find an approximate minimum of
...
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Algebraic account of Gaussian elimination?
For fun, I've been looking at the interpretation of linear logic in terms of finite-dimensional vector spaces, and ran into an interesting
question about the interpretation of double-negation-...
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An optimal subspace projection problem
Suppose we have a $k$-dimensional subspace $V$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$ given by a basis $\{v_1,\cdots,v_k\in \mathbb{R}^n\}$, find an index set $I\subset [n]$ with $|I|=m$ where $k\le m\le n$, such that
$$\...
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Decomposing outer product or general rank factorization over $\Bbb F_q$
Given matrix $M\in\Bbb F_q^{n\times n}$ with the promise that there are two matrices $A\in\Bbb F_q^{n\times 1}$ and $B\in\Bbb F_q^{1\times n}$ such that $AB=M$ is there a deterministic $O((n\log q)^c)$...
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given a set of $n$ points in $d$-dimensional space and the basis vectors of some subspace, how to find all the points on that space?
given a set $A$ of $n$ points with integer coordinates in $\mathbb{R}^d$, and $k<d$ basis vectors of a subspace $K$ of $\mathbb{R}^d$, is there an efficient algorithm that returns all points from $...
2
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Some consequences of the Roychowdhury-Orlitsky-Siu result from 1994
This pertains to the proof of theorem 1.1 in this paper, http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2897636
So Roychowdhury-Orlitsky-Siu had shown that the number of depth $2$ linear threshold gate circuits ...
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0
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A random ensemble of sparse boundary operators
The following question arises from the study of quantum error correction, and high-dimensional expanders:
Is there an algorithm that for given numbers $n>0,d≤n,r≤n$ samples uniformly a linear ...
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1
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About the sign-rank of the Minsky-Pappert function
Apologies this might be a very trivial thing I am getting confused by!
Firstly in corollary 1.1 (page 3) in this paper, https://eccc.weizmann.ac.il/report/2016/075/ the authors claim that they have ...
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About Boolean functions with a high sign-rank
Recently in this beautiful paper, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1705.02397.pdf it has been shown that there is an explicit $Th \circ Th$ function with sign-rank scaling exponentially in dimension. I wanted to ...
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