Questions tagged [reductions]

A reduction is the transformation of one problem into another problem. A example of using a reduction would be to be to show if a problem P is undecidable. This would be achieved by transforming or performing a reduction of a decision problem $P$ into an undecidable problem. If this can be achieved then we have shown that this problem P is undecidable.

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Nonlinear GAP similar to Min-GAP but with minimum quantities and without capacity

I have $m$ items and $n$ bins where each item $i$ and bin $j$ has a value $v_{i,j}$. Each bin $j$ has a value $V_j$. I want to pack the items into the bins such that (1) I minimize the ratio of the ...
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Variation of (derandomized) Valiant-Vazirani

I am interested in the following "improvement" of the Valiant-Vazirani reduction. As pointed out here, under the right derandomization assumptions one can obtain a deterministic polynomial-...
Noel Arteche's user avatar
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Are there complexity teaching resources that do not treat NP-hardness gadgets as Voodoo magic?

I am teaching a mini-complexity course to high achieving high-school students from my country this fall, and they have all expressed strong interest in learning more about what $P, NP$, reductions, ...
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Is universal hashing fully black-box reducible to error correcting code?

Fully black-box reduction is defined as in Notions of reducibility between crytpographic primitives, O. Reingold et al. Error-correcting code is used in the black-box abstract way in the sense that ...
Kagura Hitoha's user avatar
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Using a certificate in the proof of NP hardness

Say I wanted to determine that the problem of membership in some language $L \subseteq \{0, 1\}^*$ is NP-hard. Say that I have a reduction $r: \{\text{set of quantifier free formulas} \rightarrow \{0,...
Amar Shah's user avatar
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Reduction from Traveling Salesman

Consider the decision problem: "Given a complete weighted graph $G=(V,E)$, an integer $k\in\mathbb N$ and two nodes $s,t\in V$ decide if $G$ has a path of at least weight $k$" I had to ...
Green's user avatar
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Does there exist constant overhead reduction between common cryptographic primitives?

I have proved that there exist such reduction between error-correcting codes and exposure resilient functions, which is because that the transpose of a generator matrix for a ERC mapping $\mathbb{F}_2^...
Kagura Hitoha's user avatar
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Does GHC use graph reduction?

I have read somewhere that GHC does not use graph reduction for compiling/evaluating expressions. Is this right? If yes, what does it use as an alternative?
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On the Reductions of Functional complexity Classes

In Chapter 10 of Computational Complexity by Christos Papadimitriou, it is noted that reduction between problems of functional complexity classes are defined as follows: Function problem A reduces to ...
Krish Singal's user avatar
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Statements equivalent to strongly polynomial time linear programming

Say a problem is SPT iff it admits an SPT algorithm. What statements of interest are known to be equivalent to "LP is SPT"? Examples: "linear feasibility solving is SPT" (due to ...
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Reduction from unweighted graphs to weighted graphs?

Are there any examples where you take a problem for the unweighted case and reduce it to the weighted case? (Not the other way around). My objective is to do something similar to the following: If the ...
Nithish kumar's user avatar
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Existence of W[1]-Hard construction from multiple hard problems

I am a research scholar working on parameterized complexity. Currently, I am exploring ways to prove the hardness of a problem by providing W[1]-Hard constructions. A problem is known to be fixed-...
Balchandar Reddy's user avatar
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Unclear proof step in Feder and Greene's 1988 paper showing NP-Hardness of approximating k-center problem within a factor of 1.82

I was reading the paper "Optimal Algorithms for Approximate Clustering", Feder and Greene [1988] (https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/62212.62255). Specifically, I was trying to look at the $1.82$...
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What is region construction in timed automata?

I've recently started self-learning timed automata. There's this theorem in there that a timed automaton can be converted to a DFA using a "region" construction. I've looked up references on ...
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Complexity of a sum with a product

Is the following problem NP-complete: Input: A set of tuples $T = \left\{ t_i=(a_i,b_i) | 1\le i\le n \right\}$, an integer $k$ and numbers $C,D\in \mathbb Q_{\ge 0}$. Question: Exists a subset $S\...
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Need more explaination on this 'generality'

I am trying to understand how this proof works I don't understand, why this f' is nondecreasing? What kind of generality makes us come up with such kind of assumption? Please, I am weak.
Edee's user avatar
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Showing that a modification of an NP-Complete problem is also NP-Complete

In this question I give a modified version of the knapsack problem, which I call the "extended knapsack problem". I want to show that this "extended" problem is NP-Complete, but I ...
user918212's user avatar
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Parameterized complexity of Hitting Set with slightly bigger parameter

The Hitting Set problem, when parameterized by the size $k$ of the hitting set, is W[2]-hard. Is it also W[2]-hard when parameterized by $k$ plus the number of subsets in the instance? I explain in a ...
Noel Arteche's user avatar
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Reducing counting minimal vertex covers to counting minimum cardinality vertex covers

Consider two problems. Problem 1: Given a graph $G = (V, E)$, find the number of minimum cardinality vertex covers of $G$. Problem 2: Given a graph $G = (V, E)$, find the number of minimal vertex ...
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Invisible electric fence even if P = NP?

Scott Aaronson has suggested that one argument in favor of $\mathsf{P} \ne \mathsf{NP}$ is that there seems to be an invisible electric fence separating $\mathsf{NP}$-complete problems from problems ...
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Does such a graph exist? [closed]

[EDITED FOR CLARITY] Does there exist an edge-colored graph $G$ with the following properties? $G$ has a vertex $r$ with exactly three, distinctly colored, incident edges: $(r, u)$, $(r, v)$, $(r, w)$...
zhukui bai's user avatar
3 votes
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Worst to average case reductions for quantum complexity classes

I am studying worst to average case reductions for different complexity classes. Consider quantum complexity classes like QMA, QSZK, or QIP. Is it known or believed that these classes are amenable to ...
AngryLion's user avatar
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Complexity of reachability in directed rooted forests

I'm trying to figure out the complexity of the reachability problem having as input a directed rooted forest, i.e., given a set of directed rooted trees and two vertices $s$ and $t$, tell if $s$ and $...
Abel Freid's user avatar
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A reduction from the maximum $k$-closure problem to the clique problem

Fix a partially ordered set $(P, \le)$ with $N$ elements and real weights $w(p)$ for each $p \in P$. A subset $S \subset P$ is called closed if for any $x, y$ with $y \in S$ and $x \le y$ we also ...
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Can this NP-hardness proof for Super Mario Brothers (and other games) be simplified?

In "Classic Nintendo Games are (Computationally) Hard", a generalized framework based on reducibility of 3-SAT for proving NP-hardness of classic Nintendo games is presented, and several ...
ferris's user avatar
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complexity class of a function - linear combinations and reductions (Fermionant, immanant, $GL_n$ representations)

The fermionant is a matrix function from physics, which is indexed by a positive integer $k$: \begin{align} \operatorname{Ferm}_k(A) = \sum_{\lambda} d_{\lambda}^{(k)} \operatorname{Imm}_{\lambda^T}(A)...
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3SAT to 1-in-3SAT reduction with additonal constraints

The simplest Reduction for 3-SAT to 1-in-3-SAT reduction is as follows: For each 3SAT clause: $x+y+z=1$ Introduce 4 new variables $\{a, b, c, d\}$ and replace original clause with below 3 clauses: $R(...
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Proving not NP-complete by non-existence of gadget

Suppose we suspect a problem to be polynomial time solvable, but we are unable to prove this. So, we attempt to prove that the problem cannot be NP-hard. Known proofs in this direction show that if ...
Cyriac Antony's user avatar
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The complexity of tensor formula evaluation problem over an infinite field

In the paper The complexity of tensor calculus by C. Damm, M. Holzer and P. McKenzie (link), the authors reduced the problem of computing the permanent of 0/1-matrices to that of evaluating tensor ...
Conn-CaoYK's user avatar
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The graph of problem reductions

A classical approach to study the complexity of a problem $P$ is to efficiently reduce a well known problem $P'$ to $P$, thus showing that $P$ is at least as difficult as $P'$. The TCS literature ...
Matthieu Latapy's user avatar
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2 answers
176 views

Knowing if there are two solutions to the subset sum problem

I was wondering if there are any results that say how hard it is to answer the question are there TWO subsets that sum to a fixed value? In other words, the subset sum problem but asking if there are ...
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Is solving the following system of boolean equations NP-hard?

I reduced a problem I'm currently working on to the following system of boolean equations: $$ X_i \iff \begin{cases} \bigvee_{B \in A_i} \bigwedge_{k \in B} X_k \\ true \\ false \end{cases} $$ Where $|...
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Some examples of tools to demonstrate problem is in $NC$ [closed]

Unlike the class $P$ or $NP$ the class $NC$ does not have any complete problems. To show a problem is in $NC$ one needs to marshal efforts to directly show the problem is in $NC$ since there are no ...
Turbo's user avatar
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3-partition problem without the restriction to triplets

In the standard 3-partition problem, there are $3 m$ integers, their sum is $m T$, and they have to be partitioned into $m$ subsets of sum $T$ and size $3$. Consider the variant without the ...
Erel Segal-Halevi's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
237 views

Is it possible to reduce an NP language to a NEXP language with exponentially smaller input length?

Suppose we have an NP-complete language $L_1$ and a NEXP-complete language $L_2$. For any deterministic exptime machine $M_1$ with oracle access $M_1^{L_1}$, is it possible to find a deterministic ...
Hans Schmuber's user avatar
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1 answer
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Can a NEXP machine simulate invalid queries to a promise problem oracle?

Let $A=(A_{YES},A_{NO})$ be some promise problem (such as xSAT, the Local Hamiltonian problem, etc). Suppose we want to show that a P machine with access to a the oracle A can always have its output ...
Hans Schmuber's user avatar
13 votes
1 answer
767 views

Why is the reduction from 3-SAT to 3-dimensional Matching Parsimonious?

In this talk at the Simons Institute, Holger Dell notes that there is a parsimonious reduction from 3-SAT to the 3-dimensional Matching (3-DM) problem. In other words, there is a reduction between ...
Naysh's user avatar
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Is the knapsack variant with small profit and unlimited repetition of items NP-hard?

Consider the unbounded Knapsack problem where we are given $n$ items of integral weights $w_i$, integral profits $p_i$, and a max weight $W$. The goal is to maximize the total profit $\sum_i x_ip_i$ ...
Ivy's user avatar
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9 votes
1 answer
332 views

Existing implementation of Scott's reduction?

As per this paper by Grädel, Kolaitis and Moshe Vardi, they discuss computational complexity of satisfiability problem in $\mathrm{FO^2}$, In order to do this they use Scott's reduction. Which is the ...
SagarM's user avatar
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approximate maximum clique given vertex cover

I have a non optimal vertex cover of size k of a graph G, and I want to get a (1+epsilon)-approximation kernel of size linear in k for maximum clique of G. One thing I got is that every clique in G ...
markHall's user avatar
2 votes
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a direct polynomial reduction from 3EQU-SUM to EQU-SUM problem [closed]

Given a multiset of integers $S$, in the Equ-Sum problem we want to check whether or not $S$ can be divided into two disjoint subsets, say $X_1$, $X_2$ such that $\sum_{x_i \in X_1}x_i = \sum_{x_j \...
Fatemeh Ghasemi's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
405 views

Reducing 3-XOR-SAT to HORN-SAT

In this question - XOR-SAT to Horn-SAT reduction, two algorithms are described for reducing any XOR-SAT formula to a HORN-SAT formula. My question is: say I limit the clauses of an XOR-SAT formula to ...
Tal K's user avatar
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What Is the Complexity of This Two-to-One Matching Problem?

Given a graph $G=(V,E)$ and a function $c:V\mapsto\{1,2\}$. The function $c(\cdot)$ divides the vertices into two disjoint sets $V_1$ and $V_2$, where for all $v_1\in V_1$, we have $c(v_1)=1$ and for ...
zdm's user avatar
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1 answer
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What languages can be reduced to a NP-complete problem in polynomial time

NP-complete: Language is NP-complete, when it is in NP and every problem in NP is reducible to it in polynomial time. But what languages are reducible to a NP-complete problem (for example SAT) in ...
Crabzmatic's user avatar
10 votes
2 answers
2k views

Computing the edge orbits of a graph (and discussing definitions)

A (vertex) automorphism in a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a permutation $\sigma$ of the vertices that preserves adjacency, namely $\sigma(u) \sigma(v) \in E$ if and only if $uv \in E$. The automorphisms of a ...
Arnaud Casteigts's user avatar
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LogSpace reductions vs. PTime reductons for defining PSpace-completeness

Continuing https://cs.stackexchange.com/questions/90527/is-every-pspace-complete-problem-complete-with-respect-to-logspace-reductions : earlier, PSPACE-completeness was defined via logspace reductions ...
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Reductions in Descriptive Complexity

Reducing one problem to another are well known in various settings, such as many-one, randomized, truth-table, logspace or a whole slew of other reductions. Descriptive complexity can alternately ...
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Given $n\times n$ matrix $A$ with integer entries, find #$k$SAT formula that yields $\mathrm{perm}(A)>0$

For each #$k$SAT instance one can build a matrix $A$ such that $\mathrm{perm}(A) = F(\Sigma)$, where $\Sigma$ is the solution count of the $k$SAT formula and $F$ an easy to invert function. My ...
delete000's user avatar
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5 votes
1 answer
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Is there a notion of "inevitable reduction?"

I was just working on a semantics paper and realized I needed a notion of inevitable reduction. I came up with this definition: Let $\rightarrow$ be a binary relation. We say that $a$ inevitably ...
James Koppel's user avatar
8 votes
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146 views

Can we define a meaningful concept of exptime reductions (as opposed to polytime reductions) for classes like NEXP or NEEXP?

Typically we are only interested in polytime reductions as we are usually interested in showing a reduction from one NP-problem to another. However, if we consider larger complexity classes such as ...
Hans Schmuber's user avatar

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