Questions tagged [regular-language]

Questions about the formal languages that can be described by regular expressions (in the sense of Kleene), or, equivalently, the languages that can be accepted by finite automata.

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Updating (minimal) DFA incrementally

Is there algorithm to incrementally update (minimal) DFA? Namely, having relatively large minimized DFA I want to update it incrementally using union and sudtraction with other (relatively small, ...
gsv's user avatar
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0 answers
62 views

How to reduce a code down to its configuration

I have built a system where from atomic information of a UI code I could generate a framework specific code. Here is the concept https://github.com/imvetri/ui-editor. For example, the user of this ...
Vetrivel's user avatar
7 votes
1 answer
151 views

Complexity of the inevitability problem over monoids

I am interested in the complexity of following problem: Inevitability problem in monoids Input: two regular languages $K$, $L$ specified by finite monoids $M_K$ and $M_L$ (+ morphisms and accepting ...
Rémi's user avatar
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7 votes
1 answer
333 views

Converting 2-ambiguous NFA to unambiguous NFA

This must be known, but somehow I can't locate a reference about this. Let $A$ be a nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA) over words of an alphabet $\Sigma$. I say that $A$ is unambigous if, for ...
a3nm's user avatar
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1 vote
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Overlap operator for simple ( regex-like ) Patterns

( Introduction ) Some Notation lower case letters, $a, b, c$ will be used to denote single symbols Upper case letters, $P, Q, R$ will be used to denote string of symbols $a\!:\!S$ means a string ...
Sam Coutteau's user avatar
2 votes
0 answers
72 views

Languages free of concatenations of stars

Union-free regular languages, defined by regular expressions (using $*$, literals (alphabet symbols), and concatenation) excluding union (written $+$ or $\cup$) have been studied. Note that unions ...
Bjørn Kjos-Hanssen's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
137 views

What is the solution of this equation on regular languages?

I need to characterize this language: $$ L = \{ s \in \Sigma^* \, | \, \{s\} \cdot A_1 \subseteq B_1 \land \ldots \land \{s\} \cdot A_n \subseteq B_n \} $$ where $A_i, B_i$ are all regular languages. ...
Pietro Braione's user avatar
5 votes
1 answer
111 views

Logical Equivalents of Finite State Transducers

There's a notion of "regular" function on words in automata theory that corresponds nicely to functions in WS1S/Büchi Arithmetic/the logic of words with a prefix and equal-length relation. ...
TomKern's user avatar
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9 votes
2 answers
266 views

Defining regular language classes with disjoint union

Regular languages are typically defined using the operations of union, concatenation, and Kleene star. Likewise, there are restricted classes of regular languages defined via similar operations, for ...
a3nm's user avatar
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3 votes
1 answer
165 views

Subset of regular languages

I have a system that is deciding a subset of regular languages and am curious if anyone has seen this type before and if it has a name I could use to research more. Specifically consider the ...
sligocki's user avatar
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11 votes
1 answer
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Check whether DFA accepts majority of words less than a cutoff with another DFA

Question Let $M$ be some DFA that reads integers in base $k$. Does there always exist some other DFA $M'$ that also reads integers in base $k$, where $M'(x)$ accepts if and only if $M$ accepts the ...
Jake's user avatar
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Reference for cost of translating between regular language formalisms

It is well-known that regular languages can be defined equivalently via many formalisms, among which regular expressions, NFAs, finite monoids, Monadic Second-Order logic (MSO). The cost (say in size ...
Denis's user avatar
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11 votes
1 answer
286 views

Existence of injective length-preserving rational function to a smaller alphabet

(This is a simpler rephrasing of an earlier question I have since deleted.) Definitions For this question, a finite-state transducer is like a standard NFA, except at each transition, the transducer ...
Jake's user avatar
  • 1,204
0 votes
0 answers
45 views

Capturing a particular regular language with $O(m)$ states

In dx.doi.org/10.1006/inco.2001.3069 the authors defined $NID_m = \{ u\in \{0,1\}^* | \exists i : u_i \neq u_{i + m} \}$ and claimed it could be recognized by a NFA of size $O(m)$. The paper mentions ...
Alex Williams's user avatar
6 votes
1 answer
203 views

star height of star-free languages

I'm interested in the (restricted) star-height of star free-languages. Recalling the definitions: the star height $h(\mathtt{e})$ of a regular expression $\mathtt{e}$ is $0$ if $\mathtt{e}= \...
thibo's user avatar
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5 votes
1 answer
176 views

Regular Expressions that converts into unambiguous automata

Brüggemann-Klein and Wood (1992) proved that a certain kind of regular expressions, that they call “Deterministic Regular expressions”, when converted into automata using the Glushkov's Construction, ...
ricardorr's user avatar
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5 votes
2 answers
219 views

Reference request: An algebraic characterisation of LTL[XF]-definable word languages

I'm looking for a reference to the fact that LTL[XF]-definable languages (LTL where only the (strict) finally/future modality is allowed) correspond to the variety $\mathbf{R}$ (see: 1). A similar ...
Bartosz Bednarczyk's user avatar
6 votes
1 answer
185 views

Is the function $f(a_1 \dotsm a_n) = a_1(a_1a_2)(a_1a_2a_3)\ \dotsm\ (a_1 \dotsm a_n)$ regularity-preserving?

A function $f: A^* \to A^*$ is regularity-preserving if, for each regular language $L$ of $A^*$, the language $f^{-1}(L)$ is regular. I think I have a proof, as a consequence of more general results, ...
J.-E. Pin's user avatar
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2 votes
0 answers
100 views

Necessary and sufficient condition for an infinite tree to be context-free

A Buchi automaton is non-empty iff it accepts an infinite word of the form $uv^\omega$ (here $u,v$ are finite words). In other words, if $\{w\}$ is an $\omega$-regular language, then it is of that ...
Faustus's user avatar
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2 votes
1 answer
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DFSA and NFSA intersection problem

Given $k$ deterministic FSAs of $n$ states the intersection of their languages is empty is decidable in $n^{o(k)}$ time is an open problem. For unbounded $k$ it is known the problem is $PSPACE$ ...
Turbo's user avatar
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2 votes
1 answer
167 views

NP-Completeness of Finding Minimum Automaton, in Gold's paper

I have been investigating "learning automatas", and I came across reference to Gold's papers several times: "Complexity Of Automaton Identification From Given Data", and "...
Makketronix's user avatar
-1 votes
1 answer
428 views

What is the time complexity of computing intersection and union of Nondeterministic Finite Automata (NFAs)?

Assume that $\mathcal{A} = (Q_A, \Sigma, \Delta_A, q_{i_A}, F_A)$ and $\mathcal{B} = (Q_B, \Sigma, \Delta_B, q_{i_B}, F_B)$ are two NFAs. What is the worst-case time complexity of computing $\mathcal{...
greps's user avatar
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5 votes
1 answer
102 views

Nonterminal descriptional complexity of regular languages

Recently I became interested in grammar complexity of regular language. Prior to searching for literature, I tried to investigate it on my own, proving two lemmas from comment below. I am aware of an ...
DG_'s user avatar
  • 411
12 votes
0 answers
194 views

Regular languages accepted by an automaton with at most one transition per letter

I'm interested in the (very restricted) subset of regular languages for which there is an automaton having the following property: for every letter $a$ of the alphabet, the automaton has at most one ...
a3nm's user avatar
  • 8,896
2 votes
1 answer
172 views

What graphs on $\mathbb{N}$ can be encoded as regular languages?

Suppose I represent the natural number 0 by "x", and use the symbol "s" for successor so that I get the following encoding of $\alpha : \mathbb{N} \rightarrow V$ of natural numbers ...
wanderingmathematician's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
30 views

Decidability of regular partition construction given its existence

Let $G = (N,T,P,S)$ be a context-free grammar where $T,N$ are sets of terminals and nonterminals respectively, $P$ contains all the productions of the grammar, and $S \in N$. If we know that $G$ is LL(...
user35443's user avatar
  • 111
1 vote
0 answers
122 views

Bounds on the construction of regular expressions' intersection operator

There are references on the exponential worst-case of the intersection operator for regular expressions (see [1]). However, I was wondering if there are similar results for the construction process ...
user avatar
13 votes
1 answer
378 views

Planarity of planar finite automata intersection

It was shown that any regular language can be specified by planar $\varepsilon$-free nondeterministic finite automaton (Bezáková, Ivona, and Martin Pál. "Planar finite automata."). Is it ...
gsv's user avatar
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3 votes
1 answer
139 views

Rewrite relations - proof of correctness

Let $T \subseteq \Sigma^* \times \Sigma^*$ be a regular relation. We define the obligatory rewrite relation over $T$ as follows: $$ R^{obl}(T) := N(T) \cdot (T \cdot N(T))^* $$ $$ N(T) := Id(\Sigma^* ...
Denis Kyashif's user avatar
7 votes
1 answer
370 views

Kleene Algebra for star-free regular expressions

TLDR: Is there a notion of Kleene Algebra for star-free regular expressions? Kleene Algebras are algebraic structures that are equivalent to regular expressions. A Kleene Algebra is an idempotent ...
Faustus's user avatar
  • 193
6 votes
2 answers
1k views

2DFA to 1DFA - Converting two way deterministic finite automata to one way deterministic finite automata

How can I convert a 2DFA to a normal DFA. Is there an algorithm/elegant way to do that ? I've been researching this for a few days but I coundn't find anything. Actually I want to implement that in ...
Karl Millson's user avatar
10 votes
1 answer
746 views

What class of languages is recognized by finite-state automata with $k$ heads?

A DFA or NFA reads through an input string with a single head, moving left-to-right. It seems natural to wonder about finite-state machines that have multiple heads, each of which moves through the ...
Caleb Stanford's user avatar
6 votes
1 answer
226 views

Complexity of DFA intersection in this specific case?

In general, the size of the DFA that recognizes the intersection of $n$ languages is exponential in $n$. However, in my case I am computing the intersection of a very restricted subset of possible ...
Display Name's user avatar
7 votes
1 answer
180 views

Arranging letters to make a word in a regular language

Fix a regular language $L$ on the alphabet $\{a, b\}$, and consider the following problem. I am given as input: some number $m \in \mathbb{N}$ of copies of the letter $a$, and some number $n \in \...
a3nm's user avatar
  • 8,896
0 votes
1 answer
140 views

Why are all finite languages regular? [closed]

It is said that "All finite languages are regular". But the Pumping Lemma says that, if a language is regular one can find a 'large-enough' word w such that it can be decomposed into w = xyz such ...
stew.nesc's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
495 views

Oncina-Garcia RPNI algorithm for learning DFAs

The question refers to this paper: ftp://altea.dlsi.ua.es/people/oncina/articulos/asspr1992.pdf Given a sample of $p$ positive and $n$ negative strings, RPNI constructs a consistent DFA in time $O((p+...
Aryeh's user avatar
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8 votes
0 answers
102 views

Does ${\bf CFLPAD}={\bf PPAD}$?

What happens if we define ${\bf PPAD}$ such that instead of a polytime Turing-machine/polysize circuit, a (non-)deterministic finite/push-down automaton encodes the problem? I asked a similar ...
domotorp's user avatar
  • 13.9k
1 vote
0 answers
48 views

Question About Turing Machine Computability [closed]

If p is a Turing machine then L(p) = {x | p(x) = yes}. Let A = {p | p is a Turing machine and L(p) is a finite set}. Is A computable? Justify your answer. So I'm trying to figure out how to solve ...
ken6208's user avatar
  • 11
14 votes
2 answers
727 views

Automata learning without counterexamples

In Angluin's automata learning framework, a student aims to learn a regular language $L\subseteq \Sigma^*$ by asking two types of questions to his teacher: Word queries: given $w\in \Sigma^*$, is $w\...
user49692's user avatar
  • 219
9 votes
0 answers
284 views

Shortest string in the intersection of regular languages

Inspired by https://codegolf.stackexchange.com/questions/53310/shortest-universal-maze-exit-string Each of the 138,172 valid mazes can be represented as a DFA with 9 states (including starting and ...
ghosts_in_the_code's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
791 views

What is the practical importance of making or using a Turing complete language? [closed]

I get what a Turing machine is and what language is a Turing-complete language but when someone introduces me to a new programming language (like Solidity) and says it is Turing complete, what am I ...
n0unc3's user avatar
  • 19
1 vote
0 answers
65 views

Rational power series over $\mathbb N \cup \{\infty\}$, rationality of singular part

Let $\Sigma$ be a finite alphabet, and consider the formel power series over $\Sigma$ considered as non-commuting variables with coefficients in the semiring $\mathcal N := \mathbb N \cup \{\infty\}$ ...
StefanH's user avatar
  • 2,037
3 votes
3 answers
162 views

Example of monoid $M$ such that $\operatorname{RAT}(M) \not\subseteq \operatorname{REC}(M)$

Let $M$ be a monoid, the family of rational sets $\operatorname{RAT}(M)$ is defined as the smallest set containing the finite subsets, and closed under union, concatentaion and the star operation. The ...
StefanH's user avatar
  • 2,037
9 votes
1 answer
244 views

Generalisation of the statement that a monoid recognizes language iff syntactic monoid divides monoid

Let $A$ be a finite alphabet. For a given language $L \subseteq A^{\ast}$ the syntactic monoid $M(L)$ is a well-known notion in formal language theory. Furthermore, a monoid $M$ recognizes a language $...
StefanH's user avatar
  • 2,037
-4 votes
1 answer
193 views

Prove that L* is a regular language [closed]

Suppose that L is any language , not necessarily regular, whose alphabet is {0}; that is the strings of L consist of 0's only. Prove that L* is regular.
Saurav's user avatar
  • 1
2 votes
1 answer
239 views

Existence of an algorithm

I need to show that there exists a polynomial time algorithm that inputs a deterministic automata $A$, and decides if $A$ accepts a word w if and only if it also accepts any word obtained by permuting ...
Axx's user avatar
  • 21
7 votes
1 answer
253 views

Finding a minimal DFA whose language has a desired intersection with another

Suppose I have regular languages $B \subseteq A$, with corresponding (known) minimal deterministic finite automata $M_A, M_B$. I would like to find another regular language $C$ such that $B = A \cap ...
DRMacIver's user avatar
  • 434
23 votes
2 answers
551 views

Testing whether letters can be scheduled to achieve a word in a regular language

I fix a regular language $L$ on an alphabet $\Sigma$, and I consider the following problem that I call letter scheduling for $L$. Informally, the input gives me $n$ letters and an interval for each ...
a3nm's user avatar
  • 8,896
12 votes
1 answer
719 views

Parameterized complexity of inclusion of regular languages

I am interested in the classic problem REGULAR LANGUAGE INCLUSION. Given a regular expression $E$, we denote by $L(E)$ the regular language associated to it. (Regular expressions are on a fixed ...
Florent Foucaud's user avatar
-3 votes
1 answer
70 views

Is there a non regular and regular language where the non regular is not a subset of the regular and the union is regular? [closed]

Does there exist languages $L1$, $L2$ where $L1$ is non regular, $L2$ is regular $L1\not\subset L2$ and $L1 \cup L2$ is regular?
Torsten Gang's user avatar