Questions tagged [space-bounded]

Questions about space resources of computations in computational complexity or algorithms.

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Implicit characterization of sublogarithmic space

Let $SUBLOG = DSPACE(o(\log(n)) \setminus DSPACE(O(1))$ be the set of languages decidable with less than logarithmic space, but more than a constant amount of space, on a multi-tape Turing machine ...
Jake's user avatar
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14 votes
1 answer
390 views

What is (a reasonable conjectured lower bound on) the query complexity of solving an $n\times n$ system of linear equations given space $O(n)$?

I am faced with the following problem: A uniformly random $n \times n$ matrix $M$ over a finite field $\mathbb{F}$ is sampled. The algorithm has oracle access to the matrix entries, and each query to ...
Geoffroy Couteau's user avatar
5 votes
1 answer
171 views

Alternative to LBA for recognising context-sensitive languages

I've always felt that there's no "canonical" automata for recognising context-sensitive languages. Much like there's DFA for regular, PDA for context-free and Turing machines for RE. I'm ...
William Turner's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
134 views

Derandomizing arbitrary width *read-many* and *ordered* branching programs?

Modifying following TedP We know that derandomizing width $5\leq k\in O(1)$ read many branching programs is equivalent to $BPNC^1=NC^1$ and derandomizing width $k\in\Omega(n)$ read once ordered ...
Turbo's user avatar
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7 votes
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Example of an context-sensitive language with a specific number of words of length $n$

Let $s_L(n)$ denote the number of words of length $n$ in $L$. For context-free languages it is known that $s_L(n)$ is either polynomial or exponential. For context-sensitive languages this is probably ...
Ignirion's user avatar
7 votes
1 answer
219 views

Complexity class of efficient streaming algorithms

Consider the class of problems $\mathsf{StreamL}$ which can be solved in logarithmic space reading the input in a single pass from left to right. In other words: $L \in \mathsf{StreamL}$ if there ...
Caleb Stanford's user avatar
10 votes
0 answers
175 views

Alternative proofs of Savitch's theorem?

Question: Are there any known proofs of Savitch's theorem that $NL \subseteq L^2$ besides the usual one? By the usual one I mean the proof based on recursively querying whether there is a midpoint. ...
Elle Najt's user avatar
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The number of words of length $n$ in a context-sensitive language

Let $L$ be a context-sensitive language, $s_{L}(n)$ is denoted by the number of words of length $n$ in $L$. What is known about $s_{L}(n)$? Note that it is known that $s_{L}(n)$ is either polynomial,...
Blanco's user avatar
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2 answers
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Why NL is not L

I'm a beginner in learning complexity and get confused at NL. NL is the class of languages that are decidable in logarithmic space on a nondeterministic Turing machine. In other words, NL = NSPACE($\...
Zachary HUANG's user avatar
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1 answer
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Question on deduction that a certain problem requires exponential space

My question concern's a statement from the classic paper The equivalence problem for regular expressions with squaring requires exponential space. Regular expressions with squaring are like ordinary ...
StefanH's user avatar
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Boolean circuits which correspond to L/poly

Branching programs are usually used as a computation model for non-uniform logarithmic space $\mathsf{L}/\mathrm{poly}$. Is there a reference about Boolean circuits corresponding to $\mathsf{L}/\...
Hiroki Morizumi's user avatar
9 votes
1 answer
230 views

$BPL$ with polylog random bits is in $L$

Consider a $BPL$ machine (namely, a probabilistic algorithm that uses logspace and polynomially many random bits). It is known (Saks-Zhou) that $BPL \subseteq DSPACE(log^{1.5}(n))$. My question is ...
BharatRam's user avatar
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Reduction between functions that preserves time and space-complexity

Under which reduction(s) is the class $\mathsf{FTISP}(t(n), s(n))$ closed? Let $\mathsf{FTISP}(t(n), s(n))$ the class of functions from $\{0,1\}^*$ to itself that are computable by a Turing machine ...
Bruno's user avatar
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Problems complete for non-deterministic PSPACE

Savitch's theorem, i.e. the fact that $NSPACE(f(n)^2) \subseteq DSPACE(f(n)^2)$ implies PSPACE = NPSPACE. Using the idea of Savitch, Sipser proves in his lectures that TQBF is PSPACE-complete. What ...
Rajat De's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
450 views

Converting Kuroda normal form rules to the Penttonen normal form

Let us say we have some abstract context-sensitive grammar in the Kuroda normal form, which is where all production rules are of the form: $AB\rightarrow CD$ or $A\rightarrow BC$ or $A\rightarrow B$...
Andrey Lebedev's user avatar
11 votes
1 answer
327 views

Does the space hierarchy theorem generalize to non-uniform computation?

General Question Does the space hierarchy theorem generalize to non-uniform computation? Here are a few more specific questions: Is $L/poly \subsetneq PSPACE/poly$? For all space ...
Michael Wehar's user avatar
3 votes
0 answers
33 views

references for optimal computation under memory constraint?

Can someone help me find some references for finding good execution schedule given memory constraint? Assuming computation graph is simple in some sense (ie, small tree-width) There is this reference ...
Yaroslav Bulatov's user avatar
2 votes
0 answers
121 views

Is scalable hardware support for LogCFL (= sAC^1) possible?

The (uniform) circuit classes $TC^0$, $NC^1$ and $sAC^1$ seem to lend themselves to efficient hardware implementation. But using an FPGA approach to create the circuits on the fly seems problematic, ...
Thomas Klimpel's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
468 views

NFA to 2DFA: what are the upper and lower bounds?

Suppose that one has an NFA (from, say, a regular expression). What is the state complexity of turning it into a 2DFA?
Demi's user avatar
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12 votes
1 answer
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Time Hierarchies in DSPACE(O(s(n)))

The time hierarchy theorem states that turing machines can solve more problems if they have (enough) more time. Does it hold in some way if the space is limited asymptotically? How does $\textrm{DTISP}...
Henning's user avatar
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17 votes
1 answer
970 views

Quadratic relationship between nondeterministic and deterministic space?

Savitch's theorem shows that $\mathrm{NSPACE}(f(n)) \subseteq \mathrm{DSPACE}(f(n)^2)$ for all large enough functions $f$, and proving that this is tight has been an open problem for decades. Suppose ...
András Salamon's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
132 views

Base extension in residue number systems with low space

Suppose I have a number $x$ represented in a residue number system, so $x = (x_1, \ldots, x_m)$, where $x_i \equiv x \pmod{p_i}$, and the $p_i$'s are all relatively prime (they can be distinct primes ...
mikero's user avatar
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Circuit games in extensive form with imperfect information

Consider $l,m,n,N \in \mathbb{N}$ and circuits $C: \{0,1\}^{l+m} \rightarrow \{0,1\}^l$, $D: \{0,1\}^{l+n} \rightarrow \{0,1\}^l$. Consider the following zero-sum two-layer extensive-form game with ...
Vanessa's user avatar
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0 answers
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Is there a certificate definition for polyL?

Arora explained in his book a certificate definition for $\mathsf{NL}$ using a read-once tape. Can we apply a similar definition for the class $\mathsf{polyL}$?
Frank's user avatar
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6 answers
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Is there a linear space lower bound for streaming set equality?

Consider two streams. In each stream one string arrives at a time. A query asks: Is the set of strings that has arrived so far the same in both streams? Is there a linear space randomized lower ...
Simd's user avatar
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2 votes
1 answer
409 views

Can every distribution producible by a probabilistic PSpace machine be produced by a PSpace machine with only polynomially many random bits?

Let $M$ be a probabilistic Turing machine with a unary input $n$ whose space is bounded by a polynomial in $n$ and its output is a distribution $D$ over binary strings. Note that the number of ...
Alexey Milovanov's user avatar
13 votes
0 answers
390 views

Consequences of bipartite perfect matching not in NL?

Are any significant consequences known of $\text{BPM} \not\in \textsf{NL}$? I'm interested in the status of the following well-studied decision problem, in particular whether it is known to be in $\...
András Salamon's user avatar
8 votes
1 answer
125 views

Can Quarter-Subset Membership be decided space-efficiently?

Consider the following decision problem. Let $q = \sum_{i=0}^{n/4} \binom{n}{i}$ and let $(C_0^n, C_1^n,\dots,C_{q-1}^n)$ be a suitable enumeration of those subsets of $\{0,1,\dots,n-1\}$ that have at ...
András Salamon's user avatar
9 votes
1 answer
226 views

Do bounded-visit nondeterministic linear bounded automata recognize only regular languages?

Do bounded-visit nondeterministic linear bounded automata recognize only regular languages? By a nondeterministic linear bounded automaton (nLBA) I mean a single-tape nondeterministic Turing machine ...
Prateek's user avatar
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5 votes
0 answers
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Is anything known about Sokoban with only 1 box?

This is intended to be a simpler version of my earlier question here. In this post, 1-Sokoban-search is Sokoban with only 1 box, 1-Sokoban-decision is the corresponding decision problem, and 1-Sokoban ...
user avatar
7 votes
0 answers
277 views

Integer queue summation

As part of a project I'm working on, we came up with an efficient algorithm for approximating the sum of an integers queue. The setting is as follows: Let $\epsilon>0$. we need to maintain a space-...
R B's user avatar
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20 votes
1 answer
1k views

How to prove that USTCONN requires logarithmic space?

USTCONN is the problem that requires deciding whether there is a path from the source vertex $s$ to the target vertex $t$ in a graph $G$, where these are all given as part of the input. Omer Reingold ...
András Salamon's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
124 views

An algorithm for counting to Graham’s Number

I’m trying to come up with an algorithm that performs some action a Graham’s number of times on a machine with a reasonable amount of memory. I thougth of the way to organize counter suitable for ...
Oleg Stroganov's user avatar
6 votes
0 answers
238 views

What is the space complexity of computing the eigenvectors of a matrix?

By the answer to this question, computing the eigenvalues of a matrix to within $2^{-n}$ precision can be done in polylogarithmic space. Is it also possible to compute the eigenvectors of a matrix to ...
jschnei's user avatar
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7 votes
0 answers
616 views

complexity of Sokoban with a small number of boxes

(I asked a very concise version of this one month ago on cs.stackexchange, and although it got edited, it was not (otherwise) responded to.) In this post, for positive integer values $k$, "$k$-...
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1 vote
0 answers
185 views

What is the minimal known space for polytime algorithms

Let L be a language whose minimal running time is $O(n^k)$ do we know of any bounds on the minimal amount of space necessary to compute L other than the trivial $n^k$? Are there any conjectured bounds?...
Josh F's user avatar
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5 votes
1 answer
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Closure properties of deterministic context-sensitive languages

There does seem to be a lot of information regarding the closure properties of both deterministic context-free and nondeterministic context-sensitive languages. However, the literature is almost mute ...
Franki's user avatar
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23 votes
2 answers
1k views

Best current space lower bound for SAT?

Following on from a previous question, what are the best current space lower bounds for SAT? With a space lower bound I here mean the number of worktape cells used by a Turing machine which uses a ...
András Salamon's user avatar
5 votes
1 answer
404 views

Satisfiability for various branching programs

Clearly, SAT for CNF, formula, or many classes of boolean circuits have strong significance on the entire theory community. Branching program, or BDD is one of the most basic and popular computational ...
Shen's user avatar
  • 53
3 votes
1 answer
309 views

Number of bits required for encoding variables with fixed sum?

Assume we'd like to be able to encode variables $x_1,x_2,\cdots,x_r\in \mathbb{N}$, such that $\forall i\in[r]:1\leq x_i\leq N$ and $$\sum_{i=1}^{r}x_i=M$$ It's easy to store the variables using $r\...
R B's user avatar
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4 votes
2 answers
375 views

Minimal encoding of a set (unordered collection of elements)?

Assume you have universe $\mathcal{U}=\{e_1,e_2,\ldots e_N\}$. If we like to encode an ordered sequence of $k$ elements from $\mathcal{U}$, it's not hard to argue that $k\log |\mathcal{U}|$ bits are ...
R B's user avatar
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11 votes
3 answers
497 views

How to iterate over vectors in order of probability in small space

Consider an $n$ dimensional vector $v$ where $v_i \in \{0,1\}$. For each $i$ we know $p_i = P(v_i = 1)$ and let us assume the $v_i$ are independent. Using these probabilities, is there an efficient ...
Simd's user avatar
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4 votes
1 answer
283 views

Low space computation and branching program

One of the most elemental result of relationship between boolean circuit size and polynomial uniform computation is Pippenger and Fishers simulation: $DTIME[T(n)]\subseteq SIZE[T(n)\log T(n)]$. I ...
tenhu's user avatar
  • 49
21 votes
1 answer
445 views

Can $\{a^nb^n\}$ be recognized in poly-time probabilistic sublogarithmic-space?

Consider language $ \mathtt{EQUALITY} = \{ a^nb^n \mid n \geq 0 \} $. It is known that $ \mathtt{EQUALITY} $ cannot be recognized by any sublogarithmic-space alternating Turing machine (ATM) (...
Abuzer Yakaryilmaz's user avatar
13 votes
0 answers
430 views

Non-deterministic logspace with two-sided error

The class BPL is the set of all problems solvable by a Turing machine running in logarithmic space and polynomial time with two-sided error; that is, if $x\in L$ then the machine accepts with ...
Lior Eldar's user avatar
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8 votes
1 answer
335 views

Storing a bit vector in uninitialized memory and minimal space

A well-known trick for storing bit vectors using uninitialized memory can allocate a bit vector of size $n$ in which all of the bits are set to $0$ by allocating $(2 n + 1)\lceil \lg n \rceil$ bits of ...
jbapple's user avatar
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6 votes
1 answer
185 views

How big is NSC^k?

It is well known that $\mathsf{NL} \subseteq \mathsf{NC} \subseteq \mathsf{P}$, both inclusions conjectured to be proper. On the other hand $\mathsf{NP} \supseteq \mathsf{P}$, also probably a proper ...
Vanessa's user avatar
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14 votes
1 answer
2k views

Is CFL strictly contained in NL?

We know that $\mathsf{REG}=\mathsf{NSPACE}(O(1))$ and $\mathsf{CSL}=\mathsf{NSPACE}(O(n))$. What is the relation of $\mathsf{CFL}$ and $\mathsf{NSPACE}(O(\log n))=\mathsf{NL}$? Is $\mathsf{CFL}$ a ...
cineel's user avatar
  • 241
11 votes
1 answer
522 views

Connection between PCP and L=SL

The book by Arora and Barak contains in chapter notes on PCP We note that Dinur's general strategy is somewhat reminiscent of the zig-zag construction of expander graphs and Reingold's ...
sdcvvc's user avatar
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1 vote
1 answer
235 views

Super-logspace mapping reducibility

There are two well-known mapping reducibilities: polytime and logspace. In both cases, the length of the output string can be at most polynomial in the length of a given input string. If we allow to ...
Abuzer Yakaryilmaz's user avatar