# All Questions

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### Is BPP= P known for ANY uniform model of computation?

Many believe that BPP $=$ P "should" hold for Turing machines. We even have some "witnesses" for this: otherwise some "strange" things would happen; see e.g. this paper by Implagliazzo and Wigderson. ...
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### Combinatorics of Bellman-Ford or how to make cyclic graphs acyclic?

Roughly speaking, my question is: How costly is to make a cyclic graph acyclic while preserving all simple $s$-$t$ paths? Let $K_n$ be a complete undirected graph on vertices $\{0,1,\ldots,n+1\}$. (...
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### The complexity of checking whether two DAG have the same number of topological sorts

This problem is highly related to the CNF one. Here is the problem: given two DAG (directed acyclic graphs), if they have the same counting of topological sorts, answer "Yes", otherwise, answer "No". ...
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### Rank mod 6 vs rank over the reals

Let $A$ be a boolean matrix (eg with $0,1$ entries). Assume that $A$ has rank $\le r$ both over $\mathbb{F}_2$ and over $\mathbb{F}_3$. Does this imply that $A$ has low rank over the reals? This seems ...
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### Is Hankelability NP-hard?

I asked this question on SO on April 7 and added a bounty which has now expired but no poly time solution has been found yet. I am trying to write code to detect if a matrix is a permutation of a ...
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406 views

### Adiabatic quantum computing with level crossings

Question. In adiabatic evolution, to ensure that the ground state high overlap with the unique ground state of the system (i.e. to achieve arbitrarily small error) using adiabatic theorems, it is ...
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### What are consequences of the collapse of CH?

I don't grasp the full complexity of the counting hierarchy $CH$. I understand $CH$ is in $PSPACE$, and contains $PH$ within its second level, due to the Toda's theorem. But, what would be important ...
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### Counting Isomorphism Types of Graphs

Polya's counting theorem leads to an algorithm for counting (precisely) the number of isomorphism types of graphs with $n$ vertices in $\exp (\sqrt n )$ steps. From Polya theorem you get a formula ...
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### Partial circulant matrices: Is there a non-zero vector $v\in \{-1,0,1\}^n$ such that $Mv=0$?

The following question arose as a side product of some work I have been part of recently. An $m$ by $n$ $(0,1)$-matrix $M$ is partial circulant if it can be formed by taking the first $m$ rows of a ...
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### Regularity Lemma for Sparse Graphs

Szemeredi's Regularity Lemma says that every dense graph can be approximated as a union of $O(1)$ many bipartite expander graphs. More accurately, there's a partition of most vertices into $O(1)$ sets ...
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### Longest geometrically increasing subsequence

Given a sorted array of $n$ positive integers, the problem is to find the longest subsequence so that the progression of differences between consecutive elements of the subsequence is geometrically ...
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### Why is the Pumping Lemma sometimes called Bar-Hillel's Lemma?

There are several papers in the literature that refer to the Pumping Lemma for context free languages as Bar-Hillel's Lemma (for example, here, here, and on the Wikipedia page). However, the first ...
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### What is the power of general poly-size permutation branching programs?

Call $\mathsf{PPBP}$ the class of languages decided by poly-size families of permutation branching programs, which are layered branching programs (i.e., the ones defined here) whose transitions ...
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### $RL=L$ Progress Since 2006

Reingold, Trevisan, and Vadhan's breakthrough 2006 paper (http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1132583) reduced the problem of showing $RL=L$ to producing pseudorandom walks on regular digraphs that are ...
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829 views

### Exact algorithm for NAE-3SAT

The NAE-3SAT problem is to determine whether a given 3CNF formula has a satisfying assignment that gives each clause at least one false (and at least one true) literal. The problem is NP-complete. One ...
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### Descriptive complexity characterization of TimeSpace classes

Are there descriptive complexity characterizations for TimeSpace complexity classes like $\mathsf{SC^i}= \mathsf{DTimeSpace}(n^{O(1)},O(\lg^i n))$?
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### Complexity of finding the smallest well-covered completion

This is related to an earlier question on which graphs have the property that all maximal independent sets are maximum — such graphs turn out to be known as the well-covered graphs. Any graph $G$ is ...
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### Descriptive complexity of communication complexity classes

It is well known that some major complexity classes, like P or NP, admit a full logical characterization (e.g NP = existential 2nd order logic by Fagin's theorem). On the other hand, one can also ...
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### Problem-Dependent Derandomization

The famous result of Impagliazzo and Wigderson in '97 cemented our belief that BPP is most likely the same as P; that is, problems that can be efficiently solved with randomness can also be ...
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### Intermediate problems between PSPACE and EXPTIME

Intermediate problems between P and NP are quite famous, and are sometimes considered as complexity classes by themselves. Do you know of any problem that is known to be PSPACE-hard and in EXPTIME, ...
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### What is the evidence for average case separation between EXP and NEXP?

There is significant evidence from cryptography that there exist NP-complete problems that are hard in the average case (meaning that e.g. $AvgP \nsupseteq DistNP$). Namely, we have candidate one-way ...
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600 views

### Practically Good Algorithms of a Very Low Computational Complexity Class

I am looking for one (or more) examples of a parametric class of algorithms $P_t$ for approximately solving a class $\cal A$ of algorithmic questions with the following properties: 1) Solving the ...
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406 views

### Is graph coloring complete for poly-APX?

Is the graph coloring problem complete for poly-APX under C-reductions (alternatively, under AP-reductions)? For the graph coloring problem, speaking of a feasible solution means a proper coloring for ...
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### Sylver Coinage Game

A game in which the players alternately name positive integers that are not sums of previously named integers (with repetitions being allowed). The person who names 1 (so ending the game) is the loser....
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### Identifying Reducible/Irreducible polynomials over $Z[x]$

It is well known LLL algorithm provides a fully polynomial algorithm to factor a reducible primitive polynomial over $\mathbb{Z}[x]$. Say one only seeks to identify whether a given polynomial over \$\...
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### An algebra of complexity classes

A key feature of unrelativized computation is its composability out of smaller fragments, and to partially capture the composability, I came up with an algebra of fine-grained complexity classes. For ...
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### Are there simple core languages which are consistent and expressive?

The Calculus of Constructions is a very simple core functional language with dependent types. Per curry-howard isomorphism, it could, potentially, be very useful for writing programs and proofs. It, ...

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