# All Questions

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### The complexity of checking whether two DAG have the same number of topological sorts

This problem is highly related to the CNF one. Here is the problem: given two DAG (directed acyclic graphs), if they have the same counting of topological sorts, answer "Yes", otherwise, answer "No". ...
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### Rank mod 6 vs rank over the reals

Let $A$ be a boolean matrix (eg with $0,1$ entries). Assume that $A$ has rank $\le r$ both over $\mathbb{F}_2$ and over $\mathbb{F}_3$. Does this imply that $A$ has low rank over the reals? This seems ...
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### Is Hankelability NP-hard?

I asked this question on SO on April 7 and added a bounty which has now expired but no poly time solution has been found yet. I am trying to write code to detect if a matrix is a permutation of a ...
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### Adiabatic quantum computing with level crossings

Question. In adiabatic evolution, to ensure that the ground state high overlap with the unique ground state of the system (i.e. to achieve arbitrarily small error) using adiabatic theorems, it is ...
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### What are consequences of the collapse of CH?

I don't grasp the full complexity of the counting hierarchy $CH$. I understand $CH$ is in $PSPACE$, and contains $PH$ within its second level, due to the Toda's theorem. But, what would be important ...
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### Counting Isomorphism Types of Graphs

Polya's counting theorem leads to an algorithm for counting (precisely) the number of isomorphism types of graphs with $n$ vertices in $\exp (\sqrt n )$ steps. From Polya theorem you get a formula ...
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### Fine-grained complexity of BPP

If E does not have i.o.-$2^{o(n)}$ circuits, then P=BPP, but this does not tell us about the fine-grained containments between $\mathrm{Time}(n^a)$ and $\mathrm{BPTime}(n^b)$. Are there reasonable ...
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### What is the power of general poly-size permutation branching programs?

Call $\mathsf{PPBP}$ the class of languages decided by poly-size families of permutation branching programs, which are layered branching programs (i.e., the ones defined here) whose transitions ...
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### $\Delta = 57, d=2$ Moore Graph

I am looking into the last open question regarding the existence of Moore Graphs of diameter 2. A problem that has been open in combinatorics for more than 55 years. You may recall that Hoffman and ...
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### Partial circulant matrices: Is there a non-zero vector $v\in \{-1,0,1\}^n$ such that $Mv=0$?

The following question arose as a side product of some work I have been part of recently. An $m$ by $n$ $(0,1)$-matrix $M$ is partial circulant if it can be formed by taking the first $m$ rows of a ...
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### $RL=L$ Progress Since 2006

Reingold, Trevisan, and Vadhan's breakthrough 2006 paper (http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1132583) reduced the problem of showing $RL=L$ to producing pseudorandom walks on regular digraphs that are ...
785 views

### Longest geometrically increasing subsequence

Given a sorted array of $n$ positive integers, the problem is to find the longest subsequence so that the progression of differences between consecutive elements of the subsequence is geometrically ...
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### Why is the Pumping Lemma sometimes called Bar-Hillel's Lemma?

There are several papers in the literature that refer to the Pumping Lemma for context free languages as Bar-Hillel's Lemma (for example, here, here, and on the Wikipedia page). However, the first ...
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### Exact algorithm for NAE-3SAT

The NAE-3SAT problem is to determine whether a given 3CNF formula has a satisfying assignment that gives each clause at least one false (and at least one true) literal. The problem is NP-complete. One ...
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### Descriptive complexity characterization of TimeSpace classes

Are there descriptive complexity characterizations for TimeSpace complexity classes like $\mathsf{SC^i}= \mathsf{DTimeSpace}(n^{O(1)},O(\lg^i n))$?
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### Interesting PCP characterization of classes smaller than P?

The PCP theorem, $\mathsf{NP} = \mathsf{PCP}(\mathsf{log}\, n, 1)$, involves probabilistically checkable proofs with polynomial time verifiers, so the smallest class that can be characterized in this ...
577 views

### Complexity of finding the smallest well-covered completion

This is related to an earlier question on which graphs have the property that all maximal independent sets are maximum — such graphs turn out to be known as the well-covered graphs. Any graph $G$ is ...
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### Did von Neumann answer to Gödel's letter?

On 20 March 1956, Kurt Gödel wrote a famous letter to John von Neumann, in which he formulated the P versus NP question. Here is a link to that letter: [pdf of letter] I cant seem to find John von ...
309 views

### Does Factoring have a Statistical Zero Knowledge Proof?

The title should be pretty self-explanatory, but to be more precise, consider the decision version of factoring, which is given input $(x,k)$, where $x$ and $k$ are binary encodings of integers, to ...
471 views

### Quantum Hardness of Finding Nash Equilibria

This question is inspired by the recent, beautiful work On the Cryptographic Hardness of Finding a Nash Equilibrium by Bitansky, Paneth, and Rosen. Their main result is that the existence of ...
669 views

### Practically Good Algorithms of a Very Low Computational Complexity Class

I am looking for one (or more) examples of a parametric class of algorithms $P_t$ for approximately solving a class $\cal A$ of algorithmic questions with the following properties: 1) Solving the ...
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### What if an $\mathsf L$-complete problem has $\mathsf{NC}^1$ circuits? More generally, what evidence is there against $\mathsf{NC}^1=\mathsf{L}$?

Edit: let me reformulate the question in a more specific way (and change the title accordingly). A slightly edited version of the original question follows. Is there a result comparable to the Karp-...
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### Lower bounds on single-source shortest paths in directed graphs

Are there any non-trivial lower bounds on the complexity of single-source shortest paths (SSSP) in a directed graph, where all edges have non-negative edge weights? Can we rule out the possibility of ...
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### Tiling a rectangle with the fewest squares

Consider this problem: Find a tiling of an $m \times n$ rectangle by minimum number of integer-sided squares. Is there any polynomial time (in $m$ and $n$) algorithm to do this? What is the best ...
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### Descriptive complexity of communication complexity classes

It is well known that some major complexity classes, like P or NP, admit a full logical characterization (e.g NP = existential 2nd order logic by Fagin's theorem). On the other hand, one can also ...
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### Problem-Dependent Derandomization

The famous result of Impagliazzo and Wigderson in '97 cemented our belief that BPP is most likely the same as P; that is, problems that can be efficiently solved with randomness can also be ...
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### Using Dependent Type Theory for Categories that are not LCCC

I have recently been working with polynomial functors and monads based mostly on Gambino-Kock. There they define polynomial functors in a Locally Cartesian Closed Category (LCCC) and extensively use ...