For the following equivalent questions, you choose <br> whether-or-not the 3 variables in a clause must be distinct. >Is there an integer $k$ such that for all [3-SAT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_satisfiability_problem#3-satisfiability) formulas $\mathcal{F}$ without negations, <br> if every $(\leq k)$-clause sub-formula of $\mathcal{F}$ is [1-in-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_satisfiability_problem#Exactly-1_3-satisfiability) satisfiable then $\mathcal{F}$ is [NAE](http://blog.geomblog.org/2008/03/joys-of-nae-sat.html)-satisfiable? <br><br> Equivalently, is there an integer $k$ such that for all <br> [3-SAT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_satisfiability_problem#3-satisfiability) formulas $\mathcal{F}$ without negations, if $\mathcal{F}$ is not [NAE](http://blog.geomblog.org/2008/03/joys-of-nae-sat.html)-satisfiable then <br> $\mathcal{F}$ has a $(\leq k)$-clause sub-formula which is not [1-in-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_satisfiability_problem#Exactly-1_3-satisfiability) satisfiable? (The [Fano plane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fano_plane) shows that $k$ can't be less than $7$.) <br> **Motivation:** That is the "low end" of my question <br> [on cs.stackexchange](http://cs.stackexchange.com/q/51828/12859) which was inspired by the <br> possibility of generalizing [Schaefer's dichotomy theorem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaefer%27s_dichotomy_theorem) <br> to constraint satisfaction [promise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promise_problem) problems. <br> Specifically, for _the simplest_ non-trivial promise-constraint, <br> with m being the size of the input set, I have neither managed to <br> find evidence for it being in [promise](https://complexityzoo.uwaterloo.ca/Complexity_Zoo:P#promisebqp)co[QIP\[2\]](https://complexityzoo.uwaterloo.ca/Complexity_Zoo:Q#qip2)T[IME](https://complexityzoo.uwaterloo.ca/Complexity_Zoo:N#ntime)$\hspace{-0.02 in}\big(\hspace{-0.04 in}$2<sup>[o](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_O_notation#Little-o_notation)(m)</sup>$\hspace{-0.03 in}\big)\hspace{-0.04 in}\big/\hspace{-0.04 in}$[q](https://complexityzoo.uwaterloo.ca/Complexity_Zoo:Q#qmaqpoly)2<sup>[o](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_O_notation#Little-o_notation)(m)</sup> <br> for infinitely many m, nor find evidence that it's not solvable <br> in [co](https://complexityzoo.uwaterloo.ca/Complexity_Zoo:C#conp)N[TIME](https://complexityzoo.uwaterloo.ca/Complexity_Zoo:N#ntime)(O(1)) on essentially the most basic [word RAM](https://duckduckgo.com/?q=%22word+RAM%22+complexity). <br> The former applies even when each variable occurs exactly twice <br> and "many m" gets replaced with "many _even_ m" (since 3 is odd), <br> and the latter applies even when [negative literals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_satisfiability_problem#Basic_definitions_and_terminology) are allowed.<br><br>