Shor stated, in his comment to anonymous moose's answer to this question [Can you identify the sum of two permutations in polynomial time?][1], that it is $NP$-complete to identify the difference of two permutations. Unfortunately, I don't see a straightforward reduction from the permutation sum problem and it is useful to have the $NP$-completeness reduction for the permutation difference problem. **Permutation Difference:** INSTANCE: An array $A[1...n]$ of positive integers. QUESTION: Do there exist two permutations $\pi$ and $\sigma$ of the positive integers $1,2, ... , n$ such that $|\pi(i) - \sigma(i)| = A[i]$ for $1 \le i \le n$ ? >What is the reduction for proving the $NP$-completeness of recognizing the difference of two permutations? **EDIT 10-9-2014**: [Shor's comment][2] gives a reduction which proves $NP$-completeness when the elements of sequence $A$ are _signed_ differences. However, I don't see an easy reduction to my problem where all elements of $A$ are the absolute values of differences. **UPDATE:** <s>The Permutation Difference problem seems to be $NP$-complete even if one of the two permutations is always the identity permutation. Hardness proof of this special case is very welcome. So, I am interested in $NP$-completeness of this restricted version: **Restricted Permutation Difference:** INSTANCE: An array $A[1...n]$ of positive integers. QUESTION: Does there exist a _permutation_ $\pi$ of the positive integers $1,2, ... , n$ such that $|\pi(i) - i| = A[i]$ for $1 \le i \le n$ ? </s> **Update 2**: The restricted problem is efficiently decidable as shown by mjqxxxx's answer. The computational complexity of the original problem is not proven. **EDIT 9/6/16**: I am interested in determining whether this simplification of **Permutation Difference** is NP-complete: **Restricted Permutation Difference:** **INSTANCE**: A multiset $A$ of positive integers. **QUESTION**: Does there exist a _permutation_ $\pi$ of the positive integers $1,2, ... , n$ such that $A= \{|\pi(i) - i| :1 \le i \le n\}$ ? [1]: https://cstheory.stackexchange.com/a/18056/495 [2]: https://cstheory.stackexchange.com/questions/18037/can-you-identify-the-sum-of-two-permutations-in-polynomial-time/18056#comment62501_18056