# Questions tagged [graph-theory]

Graph theory is the study of graphs, mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects.

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### Graph problems in P with unknown lower bounds

I am looking for references to interesting graph problems, which are known to be in P, but their precise big-O lower bounds are elusive. I would split this into 2 classes: problems, where we know of ...
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### Proof that optimal solutions of LP Relaxation of independent set are half-integral

I saw somewhere that optimal solutions of LP Relaxation of independent set are half-integral, by what I mean the possible values of a solution are ${ \{0,0.5,1 \} }$. I'm looking for proof of that. ...
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### Reference request: Depth- (or Breadth-) first search with hints?

Consider the standard s-t reachability problem of finding a path between nodes $s$ and $t$ in a directed graph $G$. A DFS or BFS could solve it. Would it be possible to pre-process the graph and ...
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### Best known bounds on feedback arcset in high-girth directed graphs?

I asked this question over at MathOverflow, but thinking about it a little more I think it is a more natural fit here. Let $G$ be a directed graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges such that every ...
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### Distinguish Graph from Tree using Adjacency Matrix

Given an adjacency matrix, is there a way to determine if the graph will be a tree or a graph (whether or not there is a cycle). For example, given the adjacency matrix: ...
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### Variation of edge-disjoint spanning trees

In a directed graph, I want to find 2 edge-disjoint spanning trees (arborescence), with the extra restrictions that edges in the 1st tree are not forward arcs in the 2nd tree. Are there existing ...
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### Problems that are NP-hard to approximate even when the input graph is regular

Are there graph problems which are NP-hard to approximate even when the input graph is regular? For instance, are there optimization problems that are NP-hard to approximate within $O(n^\epsilon)$ ...
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### Is Hamiltonian cycle fixed parameter tractable with parameter clique cover?

We conjecture that Hamiltonian cycle is fixed parameter tractable with parameter clique cover, given $k$-clique cover. Let $G$ be connected simple graph. $k$-clique cover of graph $G$ is partition ...
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### Known property? Maximum radius of connected induced subgraph

I was wondering if the following graph property has a name and has been researched: Consider any connected induced subgraph $H \subseteq G$. Then $r(G)$ denotes the maximum radius of any such $H$. I ...
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### Minimum vertex cover and odd cycles

Suppose we have a graph G without odd cycles. Consider the minimum vertex cover problem of G formulated as a linear programming problem, that is for each vertex $v_{i}$ we have the variable $x_{i}$, ...
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### Fast Computation of First k Eigenvectors of Graph Laplacian

I'm looking for references for the following; Given the unnormalized Laplacian matrix of a graph $L = D - A, ~ L \in \mathbb{R}^{n\times n}$ Algorithm(s) to efficiently estimate the first $k$ (...
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### Isomorphic subforest problem

I recently read that the following problem is NP-Complete: Given a tree $T$, and a forest $F$, is there a subgraph of $T$ isomorphic to $F$? The reference provide was to the textbook “Computers and ...
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### How to approach the “traveling salesman problem” with cost changing every time salesman reaches a new city

Let's say instead of finding the shortest path we have to maximize the profit in a year of the salesman under the following constraints. Salesman can go to a different city only on weekends, all ...
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### Reduction graph to planar bounded treewidth and bounded diameter graph

We got reduction graph to planar bounded treewidth graph, but this is unlikely to be true. Let $H$, the planarizing gadget, be planar graph with four distinguished vertices $u,u',v,v'$ on the outer ...
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### Hardness of finding if a vertex lies on a simple directed path between two vertices

Given a directed graph $G = (V, E)$ and three vertices $u, v, w \in V$. Is it NP-Hard to find whether there is a simple path from $u$ to $v$ passing through $w$? I found a couple of hardness ...
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### Maximum subgraph problem with unknown complexity

Let $Q$ be a polynomial time decidable graph property. In a graph let us call a subgraph $S$ a $Q$-subgraph, if $S$ has the property $Q$. Consider the following optimization problem: Maximum $Q$-...
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### Is this a known problem, and is it #P-complete?

Let $G=(V,E)$ be an undirected graph. What I call a selection function of $G$ is a partial function $f:V \to E$ such that for every node $v$, if $f(v)$ is defined then it is one of the adjacent edges ...
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### Existence of graphs of every order related to Barnette’s conjecture

Consider the class C3CBP of $3$-connected cubic bipartite planar graphs. They form the class on which the (in)famous Barnette’s conjecture is based. My interest in C3CBP graphs is somewhat orthogonal ...
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### NP-Hardness of 4-cycle packing problem in complete bipartite digraph?

A directed complete bipartite graph is a bipartite graph where there is exactly one directed edge between any two vertices from its two different parts. In other words, it's an orientation of a ...
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### Algebraic methods for testing planarity

Mac Lane's planarity criterion states that a graph is planar if and only if it has a cycle basis such that each edge is contained in at most two cycles, we call such a basis a 2-basis. A 2-basis of a ...
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### Complexity of finding the largest induced subgraph with all even degrees

What is the complexity of the following problem? Instance: Simple, undirected graph $G$, and a positive integer $k$. Question: Does $G$ have an induced subgraph on at least $k$ vertices, such that ...
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### How much does treewidth changes after removal of a path?

Let $G$ be a graph such that $\mathrm{tw}(G)=t$. Let $t' = \min\limits_{u,v \in V(G)} \max\limits_{P \text{ is a path from } u \text{ to } v} \mathrm{tw}(G - P)$. Then how small $t'$ can be? My ...
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### Computing the edge orbits of a graph (and discussing definitions)

A (vertex) automorphism in a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a permutation $\sigma$ of the vertices that preserves adjacency, namely $\sigma(u) \sigma(v) \in E$ if and only if $uv \in E$. The automorphisms of a ...
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### Lighting up all elements of a poset by toggling upsets

I consider the following game on a finite poset $(P, <)$. At each point of the game, I have a set of elements $S$ of the poset which are "on", and all others are "off". Initially $S = \emptyset$. ...
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### How hard is it to determine ex(n,G)?

Define the extremal Turán function $ex(n,G)$ of a graph $G$ as the most edges a graph on $n$ vertices can have without having a subgraph that is isomorphic to $G$. This function is known ...
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### Finding simple fixed length paths in directed graphs

Is there an efficient algorithm to enumerate unique simple fixed-length paths (of size $k$) in directed graphs? What would be its time complexity?
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### Find the shortest s-t trail(edge disjoint path) in a graph with negative weight edges

A walk in a graph is a finite or infinite sequence of edges which joins a sequence of vertices. A trail is a walk in which all edges are distinct. Note that a trial may visit a vertex multiple times ...
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### Breaking cycles in network graph by adding nodes and rerouting edges

I have a quite "common" need : making a directed graph (with one or several cycles) a directed acyclic graph (DAG). But the way I want to achieve it is, I guess, way more specific : I would like to ...