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What does a tangible Quantum-Gate look like?

You seem to have the idea that a quantum gate is a physical thing rather than just a conceptual thing. It doesn't necessarily work that way. While CMOS gates are usually actual physical devices, ...
• 23.9k

Suppose $\mathbf{P} = \mathbf{BQP}$. Then what is randomness? Would it even exist at all?

P and BQP are decision-problem classes, i.e. the correct output is always a deterministic functions of the inputs. The only question is whether randomness helps "along the way" to speed up computing ...
• 7,185

Suppose $\mathbf{P} = \mathbf{BQP}$. Then what is randomness? Would it even exist at all?

The questions touches on some very interesting issues regarding quantum computation (and randomness). BQP is the class of decision problems that can be solved efficiently (in polynomial time) but it ...
• 5,973

Is it conceivable at all that the standard model of physics can outperform a quantum computer in any sense?

If quantum computers can simulate in polynomial time the Standard Model, which is a quite complicated quantum field theory, then probably the Standard Model does not provide any extra computational ...
• 23.9k

Does the physical Church-Turing thesis imply that all physical constants are computable?

You appear to be positing a universe where (a) the fine-structure constant has an exact value and (b) we can measure as many digits of it as we want. Thus, if a Turing machine cannot compute the exact ...
• 23.9k