# Questions tagged [polynomial-time]

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### “Relatives” of the shortest path problem

Consider a connected undirected graph with non-negative edge weights, and two distinguished vertices $s,t$. Below are some path problems that are all of the following form: find an $s-t$ path, such ...
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### When can convex optimization be considered to be exactly solvable?

If one is trying to find the global minima of a convex function using gradient descent then one will get a run-time which is a function of $\epsilon >0$ where $\epsilon$ measures the accuracy of ...
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### How to prove a general convex set is nonempty or empty in polynomial time?

The general convex set should be represented by a set of (generalized) inequalities $f_{i}(x)\leq 0$ with $f_{i}(x)$ being convex in $x$. I know ellipsoid method and interior method, but I do ...
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### Complexity of comparing extended integer power towers

Inspired by this stackexchange question, is it an open problem to compare two power towers of positive integers if we additionally allow numbers lower in the tower to themselves be represented by ...
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### Subset sum problem with at most one solution for any target

This question was originally asked on CS.se. A little bit of initial discussion can be found in the comments there. We first consider the search version of the subset sum problem: Given a set $S$ of ...
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### Generalizations of linear programming

Linear problems can be solved in polynomial time. So can semidefinite programs and, presumably, many other useful classes of optimization programs. Is there a survey/lecture notes describing ...
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### P and Descriptive Complexity

In the Complexity Zoo, it says [1] that, in descriptive complexity, $P$ can be defined by three different kind of formulae, $FO(LFP)$ which is also $FO(n^{O(1)})$, and also as $SO(HORN)$. However, ...
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### Is Circuit Minimization $P$-hard under logspace reductions?

By Circuit Minimization, I am referring to the following decision problem. Circuit Minimization Input: A bit string $x$ and a number $k$. Question: Does there exist a Boolean Circuit $C$...
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### Why is the “general notion of a reduction […] inherent to the notion of self-reducibility”?

While reading "Computational Complexity: A Conceptual Perspective" by Oded Goldreich, I have come across the following passage, which I simply cannot get my head around: Note that the general ...
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### Complexity of counting integer roots of multivariate polynomials in a polyhedron?

Deciding integer roots of multivariate polyomials is undecidable. However what is known about counting integer roots of multivariate polynomials in $\mathbb Z[x_1,\dots,x_m]$ with both $m$ and total ...
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### Complexity of finding Exact Size Cut-Sets in Bipartite Graphs

I am interested in the problem of deciding if a cut-set of a given size $k$ (i.e. the number of edges crossing the partitions is $k$) exists in a given bipartite graph (both the graph and $k$ are part ...
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### Non-Orthogonal Vectors Problem

Consider the following problems: Orthogonal Vectors Problem Input: A set $S$ of $n$ Boolean vectors each of length $d$. Question: Do there exist distinct vectors $v_1$ and $v_2 \in S$ ...
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### What definition for $FPT$ algorithm for $KSUM$ gives $W[P]=FPT\implies KSUM$ is $FPT$?

In the definition on $KSUM$ problem we are given $n$ input integers and we have to decide if $K$ of them sum to $0$. $KSUM$ is $FPT$ if there is a $O(f(K)poly(n))$ algorithm for it. However Downey ...
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### Can MONOTONE WSAT be in solved in polynomial time?

In the weighted monotone satisfiability problem (MONOTONE WSAT), the input is an n-variable MONOTONE CNF Boolean formula (when there is no a clause with a negated variable) and an integer k, and the ...
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### On complexity of linear programming with quadratic equality/inequality constraints?

Feasibility test in Linear programming is in $P$ and in convex quadratic programming is in $P$. What is the maximum $k$ such that $n$-variable $m=poly(n)$ linear constraint feasibility test with $k$ ...
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### Reduce $m$-clause 3SAT to PLANAR-3SAT in $O(m^{2-\varepsilon})$

The classic reduction from 3SAT to PLANAR-3SAT requires a removal of $O(m^2)$ crossings from a rectilinear representation of 3SAT with $m$ clauses. However, the crossing number inequality suggests ...
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### On sparse complete sets and P vs L

Mahaney's Theorem tells us that if there is a sparse $NP$-complete set under polynomial-time many-one reductions, then $P = NP$. (See "Sparse complete sets for NP: Solution of a conjecture of Berman ...
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### What are the consequences of $P \subseteq L/poly$?

A language is in $L/poly$ if there exists a logspace Turing machine that decides the language with polynomial amount of advice. See here for more info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L/poly ...
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### On $\Sigma \Pi \Sigma \Pi(2,r)$-circuits

As I understand from the survey "Progress on Polynomial Identity Testing - II" a polynomial-time algorithm for solving PIT for $\Sigma \Pi \Sigma \Pi (2, r)$ is unknown. However, there exists paper ...
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### Time complexity of polynomial regression with random coefficients

Suppose that I have $$\lim_{k,l,m \rightarrow \infty}(f(x,l) ~~=~~ \sum_{n=1}^{m} g(a_{n,k})h(x,n)$$ where the $a_{n,k}$ are pseudo-random real numbers with $k$ digits generated in an arbitrary way, ...
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### Do we know some quasi-polynomial problem that is known to not be in NP?

The title pretty much says it all, but to explain how I got there: I think, that one of the reasons we are unable to prove or disprove , but mainly disprove $P=NP$ (and yes, I was provoked by the ...
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### Bounded distance decoding beyond Babai

Consider a full-rank lattice in $\mathbb{R}^n$. Let $\lambda_1$ be the length of the shortest nonzero vector. Given a vector in $\mathbb{R}^n$ we wish to find the nearest lattice vector, as measured ...
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### Counting the number of satisfying assignments in a POSITIVE CNF-SAT

We know the problem of counting the number of satisfying assignment in a given general boolean formula (CNF-SAT), a given DNF formula, or even a given 2SAT formula is a #P-complete problem. Now, ...
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### Using an oracle to find a vector $b$ for which $Ax=b$ has a solution

There is an oracle built around a hidden $m\times n$ matrix $A$ all of whose entries are 0 or 1, where $m>n$. The oracle takes as input an integer vector $b$ with positive entries, and answers as ...
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### Are there interesting graph classes where the treewidth is hard (easy) to compute?

Treewith is an important graph parameter that indicates how close a graph is from being a tree (although not in a strict topological sense). It is well known that computing the treewidth is NP-hard. ...
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### Under what conditions does an Integer Programming problem run in polynomial time?

Given $AX\leq B$ where $A\in\Bbb Z^{m\times n}$,$B\in\Bbb Z^m$ finding $X\in\Bbb Z^n$ where $m\geq n$ is the integer programming problem. If $A$ is totally unimodular then the problem is solvable in ...
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### On integer programming

Integer programming is NP-hard. What is the status of integer programming problem that decides between existence of $\leq1$ solution and $>1$ solutions (note $0$ solutions falls in $\leq1$ ...
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### What is the conjectured relationship between P (PTime) and Type 1 (context-sensitive) languages?

It is unknown whether $P\subseteq CSL$ or $P\not\subseteq CSL$, where $P$ is the set of all languages decidable in polynomial time on a deterministic Turing machine, and $CSL$ is the class of context-...
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### questions on implications Babais quasi P time graph isomorphism result

Babai has reputedly repaired his proof of graph isomorphism in quasipolynomial time.[1] the proof hinges crucially on Johnson graphs. based on the proof, does this mean now that if Johnson ...
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### Is the value of $\max_{f:V\rightarrow [\frac{-1}{2},\frac{1}{2}], \\ \sum_{v}{f(v)}=0} \frac{f^T L_G f}{n-f^Tf}$ polynomially computable?

For a graph $G$ on $n$ vertices, what is the value of following ratio: $$\max_{f:V\rightarrow [\frac{-1}{2},\frac{1}{2}], \\ \sum_{v}{f(v)}=0} \frac{f^T L_G f}{n-f^Tf} ,$$ where $L_G=D_G-A_G$ is ...
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### Wide and shallow circuits for $\mathrm P$

The $\mathrm{NC} \stackrel?= \mathrm P$ question is not as famous as the $\mathrm P$ versus $\mathrm{NP}$ problem, but still a deep and interesting question. It is generally accepted that there are ...
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### Problems in quasi-polynomial time that could conceivably be in P (without causing collapses or violating widely held beliefs)

What are some examples of problems with quasi-polynomial time ($QP$) algorithms that could conceivably be in $P$. In other words, they are in $QP$ for no obvious reason other than no one has found a ...
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### Is there a natural problem in quasi-polynomial time, but not in polynomial time?

László Babai recently proved that the Graph Isomorphism problem is in quasipolynomial time. See also his talk at University of Chicago, note from the talks by Jeremy Kun GLL post 1, GLL post 2, GLL ...
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### Are there more polynomial time problems with complexity lower bounds?

I'm looking for more problems in $P$ with classical time complexity lower bounds. Some people might wonder how you could prove such a lower bound. See below. Exponential Lower Bounds: Claim: If ...
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### Multicuts (or multiway cuts) for 3 Terminals of Minimum Capacity

For each fixed $k \geq 3$, the following well-known problem is NP-complete. k-Multicut (aka "Multiway Cut", "k-Way Cut", "Multicut") Input: $(N,l)$ where $N=(V,E,T,c)$ is an undirected $k$-terminal ...
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### Given a 4-cycle free graph $G$, can we determine if it has a 3-cycle in quadratic time?

The $k$-cycle problem is as follows: Instance: An undirected graph $G$ with $n$ vertices and up to $n \choose 2$ edges. Question: Does there exist a (proper) $k$-cycle in $G$? Background: For any ...
The Turing degree $\mathbf{0}'$ is defined as all languages Turing-equivalent to the halting problem. In fact any recursively enumerable language is polynomial-time reducible to the halting problem. ...
Is there any natural problem in P for which the best known running time bound is of the form $O(n^\alpha)$, where $\alpha$ is an irrational constant?