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Potentially equal complexity classes without known contradictory relativizations

I think the biggest such example at present is $BQP$ (quantum polybomial time) vs $PH$ (the polynomial time hierarchy). Significant effort has been put into separating them relative to an oracle, ...
• 26.7k
Accepted

Is ALogTime != PH hard to prove (and unknown)?

Not sure why Fortnow says there's "no meaningful model where $L$ and $NP$ collapse"... it seems to me that QBF should make them collapse, under the usual Ruzzo-Simon-Tompa oracle model (and the link ...
• 26.7k

Is there a result in computability theory that does not relativize?

Higman's Embedding Theorem: The finitely generated computably presented groups are precisely the finitely generated subgroups of finitely presented groups. Furthermore, every computably presented ...
• 36.2k

More on PH in PP?

By the work of Klivans and van Melkebeek (which relativizes), if E = DTIME($2^{O(n)}$) does not have circuits with PP gates of size $2^{o(n)}$ then PH is in PP. The contrapositive says that if PH is ...
• 8,546
Accepted

What is the minimum complexity oracle that separates PSPACE from the polynomial hierarchy?

I believe if you trace through the argument given, e.g., in Section 4.1 of Ker-I Ko's survey, you get an upper bound of $\mathsf{DTIME}(2^{2^{O(n^2)}})$. In fact, we can replace $n^2$ here with any ...
• 36.2k
Accepted

Almost-P and related definitions

The question seems to be predicated on a misunderstanding: the statements “relative to a random oracle $A$, $\mathrm{P}^A=\mathrm{BPP}^A$” and “$\mathrm{Almost\text-P}=\mathrm{BPP}$” are not meant to ...
• 15.3k
$\mathsf{MA_{EXP}} \not\subseteq \mathsf{P/poly}$ but there is an oracle relative to which this is false; both were proved in H. Buhrman, L. Fortnow, T. Thierauf. Nonrelativizing separations. CCC '...